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251.
Yihua Zhang Anna-Britta Hrnfeldt Salo Gronowitz 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1993,30(5):1293-1299
The alkylation of o-(2-, 3- and 4-pyridyl)-3-hydroxythiophenes has been investigated. In the case of 4-(2-, 3- and 4-pyridyl)-3-hydroxythiophene systems, the soft alkylating reagent, methyl iodide, using sodium hydride as the base and dimethylimidazolidinone as the solvent, gave rise to a mixture of O-alkylated and O,C-dialkylated products in the proportions of 4.6–6.5 to 1. However, in the case of 2-(2-, 3- and 4-pyridyl)-3-hydroxythiophene systems, the same reaction conditions brought about exclusively O-alkylated compounds in yields of 45–53%. In both cases, the hard alkylating reagent, methyl p-toluenesulfonate, with the same base and solvent, only give O-alkylated compounds in yields of 51–77%. These latter conditions resulted in a good preparative route for the regiospecific formation of o-pyridyl-3-alkoxythiophenes by using ethyl 2-bromopro-pionate as well as methyl p-toluenesulfonate as alkylating reagents. The hydrolysis of the esters, derived from alkylation with ethyl 2-bromopropionate, has also been investigated. 相似文献
252.
Salo Gronowitz Ecaterina Temciuc Anna-Britta Hrnfeldt 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1994,31(1):167-171
Halogen-metal exchange of 1,3-dibromodithieno[3,4-b:3′,2′-d]pyridine with butyllithium under different conditions has been studied. Upon reaction with iodine, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl disulfide and thiuram disulfide, the 1,3-diiodo-, 1,3-diacetyl-, 1,3-diformyl-, 1,3-dicarbomethoxy, 1,3-di(thiomethyl)- and 1,3-di(N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamoyl)dithieno[3,4-b:3′,2′-d]-pyridines, respectively, were obtained in varying yields. 3-Monosubstituted derivatives were obtained in some cases. The formation of 3,7-disubstituted derivatives was sometimes also observed. 相似文献
253.
2-Bromo-3-iodo- and 3-bromo-2-chlorothiophene react with magnesium in the presence of 1,2-dibrornoethane to give 2-halo-3-thiophene magnesium halide which opens a useful route to 2,3-disubstituted thiophenes having an electron-withdrawing group in the 3-position. 相似文献
254.
Elin?Nilsen Mari-Ann?EinarsrudEmail author Janne?Puputti Mika?Lind’n Jean?Le?Bell Mikael?Perander 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2005,35(2):143-150
The preparation and characterization of a composite binder made through a sol-gel route from an amorphous mineral raw material has been studied. The amorphous mineral raw material is alumino-silicate based but contains also alkaline earth and some transition metal oxides. A stable sol can be prepared by dissolving the raw materials in formic acid. The drying and heat treatment of the subsequent gel has been studied by thermogravimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction studies. The different constituents of the raw material have shown to play a major role during the drying and heat treatment of the gels. The binding effect of the binder was evaluated to be good by studying paper-binder composites as well as wetting properties. 相似文献
255.
Ulf Wellmar Anna-Britta Hmfeldt Salo Gronowitz 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1996,33(2):409-414
The Suzuki Pd(0)-catalysed coupling between arylboronic acids and aryl bromides or iodides in weakly alkaline medium has been used for the preparation of 5-(3′-chlorophenyl)-, 5-(3′-iodophenyl)-, 5-(3′-aminophenyl)-, 5-(3′-azidophenyl)-, 5-(3′-methylthiophenyl)- and 5-(3′-styryl)-substituted 2,4-di-t-butoxypyrimidines. In the coupling between 2,4 di-t-butoxy-5-pyrimidineboronic acid and the six different aryl halides that were used as coupling partners, only 1-azido-3-bromobenzene did not give satisfactory yields, 18%. The other five aryl halides gave the desired 5-(3′-substituted phenyl)-2,4-di-r-butoxypyrimidines in 41–92% yield. Dealkylation of these five 5-(3′-substituted phenyl)-2,4-di-t-butoxypyrimidines in 2.5M hydrochloric acid gave the corresponding 5-(bromoaryl)uracils in almost quantitative yields. 5-(3′-Azidophenyl)uracil was prepared in 43% yield directly from 5-(3′-aminophenyl)-2,4-di-r-butoxypyrimidine. 相似文献
256.
We report an analysis of the pH-dependent dissociation of a multimeric metalloprotein, xylose isomerase from Streptomyces rubiginosus (XI), by electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. Xylose isomerases are industrially significant enzymes that catalyze interconversion of aldose and ketose sugars. XI is biologically active as a approximately 173-kDa tetrameric complex, comprised of four identical approximately 43-kDa subunits and eight metal cations, unequivocally identified as the Mg(2+) cations in this work. ESI FT-ICR mass spectra of XI measured in the pH range of 3.0-6.9 indicated that the dissociation of the intact holo-tetramer is initiated by the loss of all eight Mg(2+) cations at pH 相似文献
257.
Hosseini M Grau JS Sørensen KK Søtofte I Tanner D Murray A Tønder JE 《Organic & biomolecular chemistry》2007,5(14):2207-2210
The pyrrolidine-2,4-diones have been identified as a convenient starting point for the synthesis of peptide analogues. Herein we describe an optimized two-step reductive amination procedure, which provides a small library of pyrrolidinone-containing dipeptide analogues in high yield and excellent diastereoselectivity. 相似文献
258.
Terhi Saarinen Monika
sterberg Janne Laine 《Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects》2008,330(2-3):134-142
The adsorption of polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayers and complexes, obtained from both high- and low-charge polyelectrolytes, was studied on silica and on cellulose model surfaces by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The film properties acquired with the different strategies were compared. When polyelectrolytes were added on an oppositely charged surface in sequence to form multilayers both the change in frequency and dissipation increased. The changes in frequency and dissipation were clearly higher if low-charge PEs were used in the multilayer formation. The substrate, silica or cellulose, did not affect the adsorption behaviour of low-charge PEs and only minor differences were seen in the adsorbed amounts and changes in dissipation of high-charge PEs between SiO2 and cellulose. The complexes formed by low-charge PEs had higher changes in frequency and dissipation at low ionic strength on both surfaces, while the complexes formed from high-charge polyelectrolytes adsorbed more at high salt concentration. The complexes of low-charge polyelectrolytes adsorbed more on silica, while the complexes formed by high-charge PEs formed thicker layers on cellulose. The charge ratio had a significant effect on the adsorption and the highest changes in frequency and dissipation were obtained in the anionic/cationic charge ratio of 0.5–0.6. Generally, the multilayers and complexes formed by low-charge polyacrylamides adsorbed highly and formed rather thick layers on both surfaces, unlike the high-charge PEs which formed thin layers using either one of the addition techniques. 相似文献
259.
Dr. Shaochen Zhou Lotta Gustavsson Dr. Grégory Beaune Dr. Sourov Chandra Prof. Jukka Niskanen Prof. Janne Ruokolainen Dr. Jaakko V. I. Timonen Prof. Olli Ikkala Dr. Bo Peng Prof. Robin H. A. Ras 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(49):e202312679
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores with pH-responsive properties suggest merits in biological analyses. This work establishes a general and effective method to obtain pH-responsive NIR emissive gold nanoclusters by introducing aliphatic tertiary amine (TA) groups into the ligands. Computational study suggests that the pH-responsive NIR emission is associated with electronic structure change upon protonation and deprotonation of TA groups. Photo-induced electron transfer between deprotonated TA groups and the surface Au-S motifs of gold nanoclusters can disrupt the radiative transitions and thereby decrease the photoluminescence intensity in basic environments (pH=7–11). By contrast, protonated TA groups curb the electron transfer and restore the photoluminescence intensity in acidic environments (pH=4–7). The pH-responsive NIR-emitting gold nanoclusters serve as a specific and sensitive probe for the lysosomes in the cells, offering non-invasive emissions without interferences from intracellular autofluorescence. 相似文献
260.
Janne Lauri Antti Koponen Sanna Haavisto Jakub Czajkowski Tapio Fabritius 《Cellulose (London, England)》2017,24(11):4715-4728
A rheometric method based on velocity profiling by optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used in the analysis of rheological and boundary layer flow properties of a 0.5% microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) suspension. The suspension showed typical shear thinning behaviour of MFC in the interior part of the tube, but the measured shear viscosities followed interestingly two successive power laws with an identical flow index (exponent) and a different consistency index. This kind of viscous behaviour, which has not been reported earlier for MFC, is likely related to a sudden structural change of the suspension. The near-wall flow showed existence of a slip layer of 2–12 μm thickness depending on the flow rate. Both the velocity profile measurement and the amplitude data obtained with OCT indicated that the slip layer was related to a concentration gradient appearing near the tube wall. Close to the wall the fluid appeared nearly Newtonian with high shear rates, and the viscosity approached almost that of pure water with decreasing distance from the wall. The flow rates given by a simple model that included the measured yield stress, viscous behavior, and slip behavior, was found to give the measured flow rates with a good accuracy. 相似文献