全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16413篇 |
免费 | 437篇 |
国内免费 | 133篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 11318篇 |
晶体学 | 137篇 |
力学 | 513篇 |
数学 | 2513篇 |
物理学 | 2502篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 107篇 |
2021年 | 154篇 |
2020年 | 218篇 |
2019年 | 199篇 |
2018年 | 187篇 |
2017年 | 147篇 |
2016年 | 316篇 |
2015年 | 270篇 |
2014年 | 313篇 |
2013年 | 785篇 |
2012年 | 762篇 |
2011年 | 1043篇 |
2010年 | 487篇 |
2009年 | 440篇 |
2008年 | 846篇 |
2007年 | 880篇 |
2006年 | 930篇 |
2005年 | 854篇 |
2004年 | 780篇 |
2003年 | 712篇 |
2002年 | 682篇 |
2001年 | 227篇 |
2000年 | 198篇 |
1999年 | 160篇 |
1998年 | 190篇 |
1997年 | 199篇 |
1996年 | 234篇 |
1995年 | 183篇 |
1994年 | 187篇 |
1993年 | 149篇 |
1992年 | 154篇 |
1991年 | 157篇 |
1990年 | 131篇 |
1989年 | 114篇 |
1988年 | 147篇 |
1987年 | 142篇 |
1986年 | 107篇 |
1985年 | 212篇 |
1984年 | 234篇 |
1983年 | 169篇 |
1982年 | 241篇 |
1981年 | 220篇 |
1980年 | 224篇 |
1979年 | 207篇 |
1978年 | 201篇 |
1977年 | 181篇 |
1976年 | 182篇 |
1975年 | 152篇 |
1974年 | 164篇 |
1973年 | 158篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Donald R. Schreiber James Huebner Seyed Rahmani Frank J. Millero 《Journal of solution chemistry》1993,22(3):201-210
Enthalpies of mixing (m
H) aqueous solutions of CoCl2, CuCl2, and MnCl2 with NaCl solutions were measured at constant ionic strengths of 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 molal at 25°C. The excess enthalpy equations of Pitzer were then fit to the resulting m
H data. The resulting parameters are the temperature derivatives of the activity coefficient mixing parameters in the Pitzer system. The heat of mixing data for CoCl2 and CuCl2 were in agreement with earlier isomolal results by other workers. 相似文献
112.
Kelley BD Booth J Tannatt M Wub QL Ladner R Yuc J Potter D Ley A 《Journal of chromatography. A》2004,1038(1-2):121-130
Polypeptides for use in affinity chromatography of factor VIII were identified using phage display technology. Phage libraries were designed to express polypeptide fusions containing five to seven residues flanked by two cysteines that form a disulfide bond. Individual bacteriophage were selected for the ability of these polypeptides to bind factor VIII, and then release the protein under mild elution conditions. Strong consensus sequences were observed that appear to be necessary for this reversible interaction. Chemically synthesized ligands identified by this screening were immobilized onto a chromatographic support and used for affinity purification of factor VIII from a complex feedstream. A chromatographic step was developed that provided a 10000-fold reduction in host cell proteins and DNA, while providing exceptional product recovery. 相似文献
113.
A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) instrument has been created by coupling a flow-switching modulator and a standard gas chromatograph. The instrument was used to characterize the aromatic composition of gasoline. The high-resolution separation produced by flow-switching GC x GC allowed gasoline aromatics to be fully resolved from saturated components. The aromatic compounds were further separated into groups having the same carbon number. A standard gasoline sample was analyzed to evaluate the quantitative accuracy and precision of this technique. The data show that flow-switching GC x GC produces results that are comparable to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thermal modulation GC x GC. The simple, low-cost, and robust nature of flow-switching GC x GC makes it an ideal technique for the routine analysis of aromatic compounds in gasoline. 相似文献
114.
Abstract From April 1982 to April 1986 we used photodynamic therapy to treat 192 patients with various malignancies. In all, 172 injections of hematoporphyrin derivative and 135 injections of dihematoporphyrin ether were made intravenously to sensitize the tumors; 684 photodynamic treatments were given using a tunable dye argon laser system for the light source. The technical problems of the light source and delivery systems are presented and the efficacy of therapy is analyzed. 相似文献
115.
Appleby I Boulton LT Cobley CJ Hill C Hughes ML de Koning PD Lennon IC Praquin C Ramsden JA Samuel HJ Willis N 《Organic letters》2005,7(10):1931-1934
Two methods to produce (2S)-5-amino-2-(1-n-propyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-pentanoic acid were investigated. Diastereoisomeric salt resolution, using the quinidine salt, gave the desired intermediate in 98% ee and 33% yield. Asymmetric hydrogenation of various substrates gave high conversions, with up to 83% ee. Integration of these two approaches via asymmetric hydrogenation of a quinidine salt substrate followed by crystallization provided the desired intermediate in 94% ee and 76% yield. 相似文献
116.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Methods of achieving high-yield fermentation ofd-xylose to ethanol in shake flasks were investigated using the microaerophilic yeastPichia stipitis NRRL... 相似文献
117.
Scott Charles D. Woodward Charlene A. Thompson James E. Blankinship Stephen L. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1990,24(1):799-815
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Both oxidative and reductive enzymes can be utilized to enhance coal solubilization in aqueous and organic media. Aerobic solubilization was carried out... 相似文献
118.
James J. Li R. Alan Chrusciel Monica B. Norton David B. Reitz Timothy J. Hagen Sofya Tsymbalov E. Ann Hallinan 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1994,31(6):1689-1696
Lithiation of 8-chlorodibenz[b,f][1,4]oxazepine-10-tert-butylcarbamate ( 1 ) is described. Electrophilic substitution of the resulting N-Boc dibenzoxazepine α- lithioamine 2 with ketones, aldehydes, nitriles, iso-cyanates and imines, followed by an in-situ cyclization, gave fused carbamates 5–26 , fused 2H-imidazol-2-ones 27–29 , fused hydantoins 30–32 , and fused ureas 33–35 , respectively, in 11–66% yield. 相似文献
119.
James P. Ignizio 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1985,36(6):507-515
Goal programming, and in particular lexicographic goal programming (i.e. goal programming within a so-called ‘pre-emptive priority’ structure or having non-Archimedean weights), has become one of the most widely used of the approaches for multi-objective mathematical programming. While also applicable to non-linear or integer models, most of the literature has considered the lexicographic linear goal-programming model and its solution via primal simplex-based methods. However, in many cases, enhanced efficiency (and significant additional flexibility) may be gained via an investigation of the dual of this problem. In this paper we consider an algorithm for solving such a dual and also indicate how it may be implemented on conventional (i.e. single objective) simplex software. 相似文献
120.
Abstract— The concentration of Escherichia coli in the input and output of a tertiary wastewater system (4 lagoons) has been monitored over an 11 month period. The integrated flux of biologically active solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation was measured during this period. By also determining (1) the effective temperature in the system, (2) the growth rate of E. coli at the effective temperature, (3) the penetration of the solar UV into the lagoons, (4) the dose-response relation for killing of E. coli by UV and (5) the retention time of water in the system, it is possible to compare the 'die off' expected from solar UV exposure to the actual 'die off' observed for different batches of water.
The observed killing of E. coli was quite close to the values calculated, considering the numerous factors involved. Solar UV light would thus seem to be a very important factor in the natural purification of water. Because each successful species must possess characteristics (physiological or behavioral) which provide adequate resistance to solar UV, the ecological role of solar UV radiation has not been widely appreciated. 相似文献
The observed killing of E. coli was quite close to the values calculated, considering the numerous factors involved. Solar UV light would thus seem to be a very important factor in the natural purification of water. Because each successful species must possess characteristics (physiological or behavioral) which provide adequate resistance to solar UV, the ecological role of solar UV radiation has not been widely appreciated. 相似文献