Studies on organophosphorus compounds—V: Pyridines from secondary car☐amides and HMPA

A new pyridine synthesis has been found by refluxing certain simple secondary car☐amides in HMPA. Thus 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyridine, 2,3,6-trimethylpyridine, 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyridine, 2-benzyl-6-methyl-3-phenylpyridine, 2-ethyl-3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline and 2-t-butyl-6-methylpyridine were prepared in 15–40% yield.     

Retention of analgin and anesthesin on sorbents with different polarities: The analysis of bellalgin tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography

The effects of acetonitrile and potassium dihydrogen phosphate concentrations in a mobile phase and the pH of the mobile phase on the retention of analgin (dipyrone) and anesthesin (benzocaine) on Symmetry C18 and Nova-Pak CN HP sorbents with grafted octadecylsilanol and nitrile groups, respectively, were studied. It was found that, under identical conditions, retention on the sorbent with grafted nitrile groups was weaker. A rapid and cost-effective procedure was developed for the determination of analgin and anesthesin in the analysis of Bellalgin tablets.     

A new synthesis of ampicillin and related investigations

Quaternization of (S)-α-bromophenylacetic acid amide (8) with hexamethylentetramine (hexamine) preceded with ca. 80% inversion of configuration. Accordingly, starting from the trimethylsilylester of N-(S)-(α-bromo-α-phenylacetyl)-6-aminopenicillanic acid (4) quaternization with hexamine and subsequent hydrolysis afforded N-(R)-α-phenylglycyl-6-aminopenicillanic acid (1, ampicillin). Some other model reactions have been investigated.     

A Simulation Approach to Cost Estimation in the Project Contracting Industry

In the project contracting industry (particularly in Third World and developing economies) one of the basic requirements for a company to produce a bid is an accurate estimate of the overall costs. A typical contract will involve several hundred quotes from different suppliers, and some of the figures will be inherently more risky than others.This paper looks at the effect of component price uncertainties on the overall cost of a project and develops a company-based simulation model to evaluate this. The basic data is derived from the individual expertise existing within the company, and this is statistically tested for consistency.The application of the simulation model is demonstrated, and it is also used to test some simple hypotheses about the existing modus operandi.     

Reactions of Carboxymethyl Polysaccharides and Their Ethyl Esters with Amines

The reaction of carboxymethyl polysaccharides and their ethyl esters with amines was studied with the aim to determine how the structure of the polymeric acylating agent affects the composition of the reaction products.     

Structure of the product of the reaction of 6-dehydroeldelidine with sodium in liquid ammonia

Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Abu Ali ibn Sina [Avicenna] Tashkent State Medical Institute, Dushanbe. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 279–281, March–April, 1990.     

Mössbauer study of iron reduction in hematite containing mineral originated from Aswan area in Egypt

Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to study iron reduction in mineral originated from Aswan area in Egypt. The Mössbauer spectra of samples heat treated at 1000 °C in hydrogen atmosphere show a gradually reduction process of hematite. The main phase of sample aged for 1 h is magnetite, while alpha-iron as well as some silicates and wustite type oxide can be detected in sample aged for 3 h. Further aging of sample results in dissolution of alloying elements /Si, Al/, being present in the samples. This process starts already in samples aged at 1000 °C for 4 h, but it is more expressive in minerals heat treated at 1200 °C or 1300 °C, when all paramagnetic phases disappeared.     

Thermodynamics of condensation of phthalonitrile with m-phenylenediamine

Conclusions The reaction of phthalonitrile condensation with m-phenylenediamine is thermodynamically allowed at temperatures from 250° to 500°K, and its equilibrium is almost completely shifted toward the formation of the macroheterocycle.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 779–787, April, 1984.