Continuous quantum measurement and the emergence of classical chaos

We formulate the conditions under which the dynamics of a continuously measured quantum system becomes indistinguishable from that of the corresponding classical system. In particular, we demonstrate that even in a classically chaotic system the quantum state vector conditioned by the measurement remains localized and, under these conditions, follows a trajectory characterized by the classical Lyapunov exponent.     

Analysenmethoden zum Nachweis und zur Bestimmung verschiedener organischer S?uren

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The glass transition of thin polymer films: some questions,and a possible answer

The European Physical Journal E - A simple and predictive model is put forward explaining the experimentally observed substantial shift of the glass transition temperature, T g, of sufficiently...     

Influence of effective two- and three-particle interactions on atomic fine structure in mixed configurations (5d+6s) N

The influence of all effective two- and three-particle interactions appearing in second order of perturbation theory was investigated for the 5d-shell atoms Hf, Ta, W, Re, and Os. The radial parts of the effective operators were treated as free parameters which were determined by a least squares fit of calculated energy levels to the observed ones. An appreciable reduction of the mean deviation was achieved in all spectra considered. A test of the eigenvectors of the effective Hamiltonian was performed by a comparison of calculatedg _J values andg _J values, which were measured with high precision by radiofrequency spectroscopy. The agreement found is typically better than a few parts in 10⁴.     

Method for the direct determination of available carbohydrates in low-carbohydrate products using high-performance anion exchange chromatography

An improved method for direct determination of available carbohydrates in low-level products has been developed and validated for a low-carbohydrate soy infant formula. The method involves modification of an existing direct determination method to improve specificity, accuracy, detection levels, and run times through a more extensive enzymatic digestion to capture all available (or potentially available) carbohydrates. The digestion hydrolyzes all common sugars, starch, and starch derivatives down to their monosaccharide components, glucose, fructose, and galactose, which are then quantitated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with photodiode array detection. Method validation consisted of specificity testing and 10 days of analyzing various spike levels of mixed sugars, maltodextrin, and corn starch. The overall RSD was 4.0% across all sample types, which contained within-day and day-to-day components of 3.6 and 3.4%, respectively. Overall average recovery was 99.4% (n = 10). Average recovery for individual spiked samples ranged from 94.1 to 106% (n = 10). It is expected that the method could be applied to a variety of low-carbohydrate foods and beverages.     

Axisymmetric shock wave interaction with a cone: a benchmark test

Results of the benchmark test are presented of comparing numerical schemes solving shock wave of M_s = 2.38 in nitrogen and argon interacting with a 43∘ semi-apex angle cone and corresponding experiments. The benchmark test was announced in Shock Waves Vol. 12, No. 4, in which we tried to clarify the effects of viscosity and heat conductivity on shock reflection in conical flows. This paper summarizes results of ten numerical and two experimental applications. State of the art in studies regarding the shock/cone interaction is clarified. PACS 01.50.Kw, 47.15.Pn Communicated by K. Takayama