Effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation on expression of growth-associated genes by corticospinal neurons

Background  

Inflammation around cell bodies of primary sensory neurons and retinal ganglion cells enhances expression of neuronal growth-associated genes and stimulates axonal regeneration. We have asked if inflammation would have similar effects on corticospinal neurons, which normally show little response to spinal cord injury. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied onto the pial surface of the motor cortex of adult rats with or without concomitant injury of the corticospinal tract at C4. Inflammation around corticospinal tract cell bodies in the motor cortex was assessed by immunohistochemistry for OX42 (a microglia and macrophage marker). Expression of growth-associated genes c-jun, ATF3, SCG10 and GAP-43 was investigated by immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridisation.     

Experimental analysis of the pressure drop and heat transfer through metal foams used as volumetric receivers under concentrated solar radiation

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of porous materials, when treated as volumetric receivers under concentrated solar radiation. For this reason various porous metallic and ceramic materials have been tested as potential receivers for concentrated solar radiation. The experimental investigation showed that their efficiency was depending on both materials parameters and flow conditions. In this work, a variety of foam materials such as Ni and Ni alloy, inconel, copper, aluminum and SiC with different open cell porosity were tested as potential media to be used as volumetric receivers and heat exchangers. However, since the results were similar, for space economy, only the results of two of them, nickel and inconel were presented in detail and compared with each other.     

Susceptibility measurements on some R5In3 compounds

The magnetic susceptibility of some rare earth-indium compounds has been measured in the temperature range 4.2–300 K under a constant field of 1 kOe. The compounds with R = Gd, Tb and Dy are antiferromagnetic, having Néel temperatures between 4.2 and 78 K ; those with R = Ho, Er and Tm seem to be ferromagnetic with ordering temperatures probably below 4.2 K. Y₅In₃ presents a temperature independent susceptibility.     

The antiferromagnetic structures of TbCu2Ge2 and HoCu2Ge2 by neutron diffraction

The magnetic structures of TbCu₂Ge₂ and HoCu₂Ge₂ were studied by neutron diffraction. At 293 K the chemical structure is tetragonal body centered, space group I 4/mmm. The magnetic cell at 4.2 K is four times larger than the chemical one with a wave vector $\text{k =}\text{1}\text{2}\text{0}\text{1}\text{2}$. The magnetic space group is triclinic P_a$\text{1}$(Sh₂⁷) for both compounds. The moment values and directions are μ_Tb = 8.48(6) [μ_B] along [110] tetr. and μ_HO = 6.5(1)[μ_B] making an angle of 81.4(°) with c and 80(°) with a₁. The structure consists of ferromagnetic (101) layers stacked antiferromagnetically.     

Susceptibilite magnetique des composes ternaires TCu2Ge2(T = Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm)

Susceptibility measurements are performed on the tetragonal TCu₂Ge₂ ternary compounds in the temperature range 4.2–200 K under a constant magnetic field of 5 KOe. The compounds with T = Gd,Tb,Dy and Ho are antiferromagnetic with Néel temperatures 12,15,8 and 6.4 K respectively. The compounds with T=Er and Tm do not show any ordering temperature down to 4.2 K. The temperature dependence of the reciprocal susceptibility of all compounds follows a Curie-Weiss law. The paramagnetic Curie temperatures for all compounds are negative.     

Turbulent kinetic energy balance measurements in the wake of a low-pressure turbine blade

The turbulent kinetic energy budget in the wake generated by a high lift, low-pressure two-dimensional blade cascade of the T106 profile was investigated experimentally using hot-wire anemometry. The purpose of this study is to examine the transport mechanism of the turbulent kinetic energy and provide validation data for turbulence modeling. Point measurements were conducted on a high spatial resolution, two-dimensional grid that allowed precise derivative calculations. Positioning of the probe was achieved using a high accuracy traversing mechanism. The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) convection, production, viscous diffusion and turbulent diffusion were all obtained directly from experimental measurements. Dissipation and pressure diffusion were calculated indirectly using techniques presented and validated by previous investigators. Results for all terms of the turbulent kinetic energy budget are presented and discussed in detail in the present work.