A simple sum rule in raman theory

It is shown that in the limit of large detuning energy and in the absence of coordinate dependence of the transition moment, the resonance Raman amplitude for a 0 → n transition on a harmonic potential surface is proportional to (δ²_? + δ²₊)^?1 × ?^∞_?∞ exp (?q²) · [?ⁿΔV(q)/?q¹¹] dq< where ΔV(q) is the difference between the arbitrary excited-state surface and the initial harmonic potential. The resonant and non-resonant detuning energies are given by δ_? = E ? hv and δ₊ = E + hv, where v is the incident laser frequency and E is the minimum separation between the potential surfaces.     

Synthesis of proline-modified analogues of the neuroprotective agent glycyl-l-prolyl-glutamic acid (GPE)

The synthesis of ten proline-modified analogues of the neuroprotective tripeptide GPE is described. Five of the analogues incorporate a proline residue with a hydrophobic group at C-2 and two further analogues have this side chain locked into a spirolactam ring system. The pyrrolidine ring was also modified by replacing the γ-CH₂ group with sulfur and/or incorporation of two methyl groups at C-5.     

An improved synthesis of 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. II. From triaminoguanidine and 2,4-pentanedione

A new synthesis for the title compound that gives an 80% overall yield was developed. Treatment of triaminoguanidine monohydrochloride ( 1 ) with 2,4-pentanedione ( 2 ) gave 3,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine ( 3 ) in 80–85% yield. Oxidation of 3 with nitric oxide or nitrogen dioxide to 3,6-bis(3,5-dimethyylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine ( 4 ) followed by ammonolysis of 4 gave 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine ( 5 ) in guantitatively yields.     

Highly accurate evaluation of atomic three-electron integrals of lowest orders

Calculations of three-electron atomic systems in Hylleraas coordinates require integrals involving all the interparticle distances r(ij), which have usually been evaluated by introducing series expansions. For integrals with the smallest powers of r(ij) these expansions do not converge at a satisfactory rate, leading some investigators to introduce convergence-acceleration procedures. This paper recommends the alternative of evaluating these integrals in closed form and presents stable explicit formulas for so doing. Some of the formulas are more compact versions of those in the literature; others have not been previously reported. It is also shown that finite-difference methods can be used with advantage to obtain additional low-order integrals. Sample integral values have been provided for test purposes.     

Low spin ferric hemoglobin complexes

A caloulation has been made of the energy eigenfunotions and eigenvalues of low spin ferric ion in complexes with a strong cubic crystal field including the effects of tetragonal and rhombic distortions and of spin-orbit coupling among the ground state components and with excited states. Using the resultant, spin-orbit coupled eigenfunotions as a basis set, the magnetic susceptibility, the components of magnetic field energy, and the lattice and valence contributions to an electric field gradient at the iron nucleus were all calculated as a function of rhombic, tetragonal, and spin-orbit coupling strength used as parameters: R, u and . All of the calculated results agree reasonable well with experiment for the values of parameters R=1000 cm^–1, u=2000 cm^–1 and the free ion value (=420 cm^–1. These values of parameters were selected for the excellent fit they gave of the calculated values of g _x, g_y and g _z compared with the experimental ones obtained from single crystal electron spin resonance of ferrihemoglobin azide. With them, a value of 2.29 Bohr magnetons was calculated for the effective magnetic moment compared to the experimental value of 2.35. The total field gradient calculated under the same conditions, predicts a nuclear quadrupole moment Q in the range of. 107 –127. Barns, which is smaller than the range predicted from the high spin ferric ion results. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von einem starken kubischen Ligandenfeld und unter Berücksichtigung tetragonaler (R) und rhombischer (u) Verzerrung sowie der Spin-Bahn-Kopplung () werden Eigenfunktionen und Energien fur Low-Spin-Ferrihämoglobinkomplexe berechnet. Mit den Parametern R=1000 cm^–1, u=2000 cm^–1, =420 cm^–1 erhält man für Suszeptibilität, elektrischen Feldgradienten am Fe und g-Werte gute Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Daten. Aus dem berechneten Feldgradienten folgt ein Quadrupolmoment des Fe⁵⁷ von 0.107–0.127 Barn, im Gegensatz zu den viel höheren Resultaten bei High-Spin-Fe(III)-Verbindungen; diese Diskrepanz wird diskutiert.

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Résumé Les fonctions propres et les énergies du complexe Ferrihémoglobine «low spin» sont calculées pour un fort champ de ligandes à symétrie cubique, en tenant compte des distortions tétragonale (R) et rhomboédrique (u), ainsi que du couplage spin-orbite (). Avec les parametres R=1000 cm^–1, u=2000 cm^–1, =420 cm^–1, on trouve pour la susceptibilité, le gradient du champ électrique à l'emplacement de Fe et le facteur g des valeurs en bon accord avec les données expérimentales. On déduit du gradient de champ calculé un moment quadrupolaire de Fe⁵⁷ de 0,107 à 0,127 Barn, en désaccord avec les résultats beaucoup plus élevés obtenus à partir des associations Fe (III) «high spin». Ce désaccord fait l'objet d'une discussion.

     

DNA interchain cross-links formed by acrolein and crotonaldehyde

Acrolein and higher alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes are bifunctional genotoxins. The deoxyguanosine adduct of acrolein, 3-(2-deoxy-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one (8-hydroxy-1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine, 2a), is a major DNA adduct formed by acrolein. The potential for oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes containing 2a to form interchain cross-links was evaluated by HPLC, CZE, MALDI-TOF, and melting phenomena. Interchain cross-links represent one of the most serious types of damage in DNA since they are absolute blocks to replication. In oligodeoxynucleotides containing the sequence 5'-dC-2a, cross-linking occurred in a slow, reversible manner to the extent of approximately 50%. Enzymatic digestion to form 3-(2-deoxy-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-(N(2)-2'-deoxyguanosinyl)pyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)one (5a) and reduction with NaCNBH(3) followed by enzymatic digestion to give 1,3-bis(2'-deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)propane (6a) established that cross-linking had occurred with the exocyclic amino group of deoxyguanosine. It is concluded that the cross-link is a mixture of imine and carbinolamine structures. With oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes containing the sequence 5'-2a-dC, cross-links were not detected by the techniques enumerated above. In addition, (15)N-(1)H HSQC and HSQC-filtered NOESY spectra carried out with a duplex having (15)N-labeling of the target amino group established unambiguously that a carbinolamine cross-link was not formed. The potential for interchain cross-link formation by the analogous crotonaldehyde adduct (2b) was evaluated in a 5'-dC-2b sequence. Cross-link formation was strongly dependent on the configuration of the methyl group at C6 of 2b. The 6R diastereomer of 2b formed a cross-link to the extent of 38%, whereas the 6S diastereomer cross-linked only 5%.