QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定豆芽中40种植物生长调节剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和抗生素类药物残留北大核心CSCD

研究从豆芽质量安全监管的实际需求出发,建立了QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定豆芽中植物生长调节剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和抗生素类等40种药物残留的方法。首先通过参数优化确定最佳质谱条件,然后比较不同提取溶剂(甲醇、乙腈、0.1%氨水乙腈、1%乙酸乙腈)、提取方法(超声、振荡)以及乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷化硅胶(PSA)、C_(18)净化剂添加量时40种药物的回收率,确定最优前处理过程。样品用10 mL 1%乙酸乙腈提取两次,超声波辅助提取,100 mg C_(18)为净化剂。选用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)进行分离,甲醇和0.01%甲酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱监测,基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明,40种药物可在15 min内完成色谱分离,在2~200μg/L的线性范围内均呈现出良好的线性关系,相关系数(r^(2))均大于0.99,检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为0.1~3μg/kg和0.3~9μg/kg。以阴性豆芽为基质,分别在5、10、50μg/kg 3个水平下进行加标回收试验,40种药物的平均回收率为78.5%~115.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%~9.7%(n=6)。将该方法用于分析邯郸本地豆芽中40种药物的污染状况,结果显示4-氯苯氧乙酸、6-苄基腺嘌呤、多菌灵、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)、赤霉素和恩诺沙星检出率较高,分别为28.6%、19.0%、9.5%、9.5%、4.8%和4.8%,含量范围为37.5~352.4、32.4~273.1、28.8~38.7、16.1~20.2、19.9和13.6μg/kg。研究建立的方法简单、快速,灵敏度高,适用于大批量豆芽中40种药物的快速准确测定。     

Boundedness in Asymmetric Quasi-periodic Oscillations

In the paper, by applying the method of main integration, we show the boundedness of the quasi-periodic second order differential equation x′′+ ax~+-bx~-+φ(x) = p(t), where a≠b are two positive constants and φ(s), p(t) are real analytic functions. Moreover, the p(t) is quasi-periodic coefficient, whose frequency vectors are Diophantine. The results we obtained also imply that, under some conditions,the quasi-periodic oscillator has the Lagrange stability.     

鲫鱼C形起动的运动学特征分析

快速起动是鱼类很重要的一种机动能力，有助于鱼类的逃逸和捕食。快速起动通常分为C形起动和S形起动两种模式。本文利用数字式高速摄像机定量地研究了鲫鱼为逃避危险从静止状态做逃逸反应的运动过程。观察发现所有的逃逸反应都是C形起动。仔细分析运动图像后，根据质心和尾鳍的运动，发现C形起动过程大体可以分解为三个阶段。第一阶段，质心保持不动，鱼体在极短的时间内绕质心弯曲呈C形，尾鳍同时迅速摆动；第二阶段，尾鳍作大幅度反向摆动，鱼头转动接近至最终方向；第三阶段，质心沿最终方向作直线运动。本文通过软件分析得到了各个阶段内鱼体躯干曲线的形状，进而给出了鱼体的速度和转动角速度分布，并从力学的角度定性地解释了机动过程。     

Hyperelastic model for polyacrylamide-gelatin double network shape-memory hydrogels

A shape-memory double network hydrogel consists of two polymer networks: a chemically crosslinked primary network that is responsible for the permanent shape and a physically crosslinked secondary network that is used to fix the temporary shapes. The formation/melting transition of the secondary network serves as an effective mechanism for the double network hydrogel's shape-memory effect. When the crosslinks in the secondary network are dissociated by applying an external stimulus, only the primary network is left to support the load. When the secondary network is re-formed by removing the stimulus, both the primary and secondary networks support the load. In the past, models have been developed for the constitutive behaviors of double network hydrogels, but the model of shape-memory double network hydrogels is still lacking. This work aims to build a constitutive model for the polyacrylamide-gelatin double network shape-memory hydrogel developed in our previous work. The model is first calibrated by experimental data of the double network shape-memory hydrogel under uniaxial loading and then employed to predict the shape-fixing performance of the hydrogel. The model is also implemented into a three-dimension finite element code and utilized to simulate the shape-memory behavior of the double network hydrogel with inhomogeneous deformations related to applications.

Graphic abstract

A shape-memory double network hydrogel consists of a chemically crosslinked primary network and a physically crosslinked secondary network. The formation/melting transition of the secondary network serves as an effective mechanism for the shape-memory effect of the double network hydrogel. This work built a constitutive model for the polyacrylamide-and-gelatin double network shape-memory hydrogel. The model was first calibrated by experimental data and then employed to predict the shape-fixing performance of the hydrogel. The model was also implemented into a three-dimension finite element code and utilized to simulate the shape-memory behavior of double network hydrogel in complex geometries.

     

高中化学实验的项目式教学*——乙醇消去反应制备乙烯的实验探究

以乙醇消去反应制备乙烯改进实验探究为项目,通过“分析浓硫酸催化乙醇消去反应制备乙烯实验不足的改进方向”“设计并实践乙醇消去反应制备乙烯的实验改进方案”“汇报实验并提出最终改进方案”3个任务,深化对核心知识消去反应的理解和对实验方案设计方法及实验探究过程的深刻体会,并在问题解决中发展“科学探究与创新意识”素养。     

WPU/Cu2-XSe coated cotton fabrics for photothermal conversion and photochromic applications

Cellulose - Multifunctional cotton fabrics were fabricated by coating of anionic waterborne polyurethane (WPU)/Cu2-XSe. The surface morphology of WPU/Cu2-XSe coated cotton fabric was characterized...     

基于超表面的多光谱成像系统设计

超表面是一种人工制造的亚波长结构阵列平面,重量轻,易集成,可实现多种功能,被广泛应用于诸多领域。传统光谱成像系统依赖于色散元件及光程累积相位差实现不同波长的色散与聚焦,无法满足系统集成化需求。不同于传统光学元件依赖电磁波在介质中传播累积相位差,超表面依靠界面相位变化来进行相位调控,可实现十分轻薄的光学系统。研究传输相位型超表面,使用时域有限差分算法(FDTD算法)优化单元结构。将超表面引入光谱成像系统中,通过优化亚波长结构尺寸,进行结构排布,开展超表面光谱成像系统研究,实现多波长色散与聚焦独立调控。利用该方法,扫描不同单元结构参数对相位的影响,依照聚焦的相位分布针对不同波长设计对应的位相分布,仿真实现了一个波段范围为510～720 nm,焦距为2 mm,谱段数为八个的超表面多光谱成像系统。通过电磁仿真软件FDTD solutions和数据处理软件计算全模结构电场的远场分布,并分析了系统的成像性能。相比于传统光栅或棱镜分光结构,超表面光谱成像系统可有效减小系统体积,其超轻、超薄、便携特点解决了现有光谱成像系统的应用局限性,为小型化、轻量化光谱成像系统的研制提供了一种新的解决方案。     

一种用于核酸高灵敏检测的液滴式数字聚合酶链式反应芯片

为了实现对核酸的高灵敏度检测,构建了一种新型的液滴式数字聚合酶链式反应(dd PCR)芯片.该芯片由产生液滴的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)模块和储存液滴的玻璃腔室构成.实验结果表明,该芯片可以在25 min内产生2×106个直径为20μm的微液滴(体积4.187 p L).利用该芯片定量检测了表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因第19号外显子,在DNA浓度为106~101copies/μL范围内呈现良好的线性关系(R2=0.9998);在浓度为106copies/μL的19号外显子野生型DNA中检测105~100copies/μL的突变型DNA,其检测敏感度可达到0.0001%.该方法在同一芯片上实现了液滴产生、核酸扩增和荧光信号读取的功能,在核酸绝对定量及痕量突变基因的检测中具有潜在应用前景.     

Generalized Wigner Functions for Damped Systems in Deformation Quantization

Quantization of damped systems usually gives rise to complex spectra and corresponding resonant states, which do not belong to the Hilbert space. Therefore, the standard form of calculating Wigner function （WF） does not work for these systems. In this paper we show that in order to let WF satisfy a ,-genvalue equation for the damped systems, one must modify its standard form slightly, and this modification exactly coincides with the results derived from a ＊-Exponential expansion in deformation quantization.     

基于PLA的形状记忆聚酯嵌段聚氨酯的相分离行为

以2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为封端剂,乙二醇(EG)为扩链剂通过2步法合成了一系列具有不同聚丙交酯(PLA)分子量和不同TDI-EG链段长度的聚丙交酯嵌段聚氨酯(PLA-PU)。其中,PLA的分子量从1 500到9 500,PLA、TDI和EG的摩尔比从1:2:1至l:7:6。通过DSC和WAXD等测试技术对材料的两相分离程度进行了研究。结果发现,PLA-PU的相分离程度与样品的热历史具有密切的关系,样品中PLA的分子量和TDI-EG长度对于材料的相分离速率和相分离结构的完善程度具有较大的影响。