渤海稠油及其组分中杂原子化合物的负离子电喷雾-高分辨质谱分析

采用沉淀法和色谱分离法将渤海某油田稠油分离成沥青质、胶质、剩余分3个组分。采用负离子电喷雾技术(ESI)结合高分辨傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪(FT-ICR MS)研究了该稠油及各组分的分子组成。结果表明,剩余分中有较少的极性杂原子化合物能被负离子ESI电离,如N_1,N_1O_1,O_1和O_2类,其等效双键数(DBE)较小。胶质和原油中极性化合物有相同的杂原子类型,包括N_1,N_1O_1,N_1O_2,N_2,N_2O_2S_1,O_1,O_2,其中胶质和原油中N_1,O_1,O_2类化合物的DBE-碳数分布图相似。沥青质中富集高缩合度且多杂原子的酸性化合物,如含杂原子N_,S的氧化程度高的化合物(N_2O_1,N_1O_3,S_1O_3)及O_3类化合物,这些物质具有较高的界面活性,易吸附在界面上促进界面张力降低和增强界面膜强度,从而有利于乳状液稳定存在。N_1O_1,N_1O_2,N_1O_3类化合物,N_2O_1类化合物可能分别是N_1化合物,N_2化合物的氧化降解产物;随着氧化降解程度增加,降解产物的极性明显增强。     

锐钛矿型TiO2担载的Pd催化剂用于乙炔选择加氢的催化性能及其表征

Anatase TiO₂ nanospindles containing 89% exposed {101} facets (TiO₂-101) and nanosheets with 77% exposed {001} facets (TiO₂-001) were hydrothermally synthesized and used as supports for Pd catalysts. The effects of the TiO₂ materials on the catalytic performance of Pd/TiO₂-101 and Pd/TiO₂-001 catalysts were investigated in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to polymer-grade ethylene. The Pd/TiO₂-101 catalyst exhibited enhanced performance in terms of acetylene conversion and ethylene yield. To understand these effects, the catalysts were characterized by H₂ temperature-programmed desorption (H₂-TPD), H₂ temperatureprogrammed reduction (H₂-TPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), pulse CO chemisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TEM and CO chemisorption results confirmed that Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on the TiO₂-101 support had a smaller average particle size (1.53 nm) and a higher dispersion (15.95%) than those on the TiO₂-001 support (average particle size of 4.36 nm and dispersion of 9.06%). The smaller particle size and higher dispersion of Pd on the Pd/TiO₂-101 catalyst provided more reaction active sites, which contributed to the improved catalytic activity of this supported catalyst.     

简评第五届全国周培源大学生力学竞赛试题

 对2004年第五届全国周培源大学生力学竞赛试题的覆盖面和难度进行 了简要分析，说明试题重视基础力学课程基本要求，强调综合知识的灵活应用能力考察，整 体质量好，对基础力学教学有很积极的指导意义.     

6-羟基染料木素与8-羟基染料木素的制备及生物活性研究进展

6-羟基染料木素(6-OHG)和8-羟基染料木素(8-OHG)是染料木素A环上C6或C8位发生羟基化反应生成的衍生物,其分子中有更多酚羟基,同时含有邻二酚羟基结构,这也使它们的生物活性与染料木素相比发生了显著变化。研究表明,6-OHG和8-OHG具有抗氧化、抗诱变、抑制磷酸二酯酶3B活性、抗糖化、保肝、抗黑色素生成作用、改善记忆力等广泛的药理活性。本文将对6-OHG和8-OHG的来源、制备方法和生物活性研究进行综述,以期为两个化合物的开发利用提供参考。     

硫化镉复合光催化剂在模拟有机污染物体系中光催化制氢研究

太阳能光催化分解水制氢是太阳能制氢的最佳途径之一.选择CdS为敏化剂,制备了可见光响应的CdS复合钛酸纳米管光催化剂.以所制备的光催化剂在不同模拟有机污染物中的光催化产氢活性进行研究,对有机物浓度、pH值等反应参数进行了考察,并对其产氢机理进行了分析.研究发现各类有机物中,甲酸溶液中产氢量活性最高.分别考察了10%、2...     

高效液相色谱法检测食品接触产品中的三聚氰胺及其衍生物的迁移量

建立了高效液相色谱同时检测三聚氰胺(MEL)及其衍生物——三聚氰酸二酰胺(ANE)、三聚氰酸一酰胺(ADE)和三聚氰酸(CYA)单体迁移量的方法.样品分别采用水、4％乙酸、10％乙醇作为食品模拟物,在70℃浸泡4h,浸泡液过0.45μm微孔薄膜后进入色谱柱.色谱分离采用Luna NH2柱,柱温:30℃,流动相为V(乙腈...     

应用光亲和分子进行PEG的光照修饰及蛋白质的光照偶联

合成了一种光活性标记分子-对叠氮苯甲酸,将其偶联到具有双羟基的碳酸酯与乳酸的共聚物P (LA-co-DHP)上,获得了具有光反应活性的可生物降解共聚物P(LA-co-DAP),在光照条件下,可以将蛋白质方便快捷地共价偶联到P(LA-co-DHP)聚合物纤维上.在溶液中进行PEG与对叠氮苯甲酸的光照反应,通过核磁共振光谱...     

凝结水精处理阳树脂硫酸根溶出特性研究

电站给水系统中存在微量的SO42-就会对金属材料造成严重腐蚀。针对目前凝结水精处理系统投运后导致核电站蒸汽发生器或炉水中SO42-含量升高的问题,采用动态循环溶出和静态浸泡的方法对几种凝结水精处理常用阳树脂的SO42-溶出行为进行了研究。结果表明,不同树脂的SO42-溶出行为有较大差异,SO42-含量在短时间内随时间增长呈上升趋势,新树脂溶出SO42-的量比旧树脂大得多。通过对溶出液进行高温和氧化处理,发现溶出物中还含有一些有机磺酸盐,它们在高温或氧化条件下会分解产生SO42-和酸性物质。     

EPR Effect of Amphiphilic Copolymer Micelles Observed by Fluorescent Imaging

Enhanced permeation and retention(EPR) targeting effect of rhodamine B labeled PEG-b-P(LA-co-DHP) [PEG:poly(ethylene glycol);LA:L-lactide;DHP:2,2-dihydroxylmethyl-propylene carbonate] micelles(RhB-micelles) was observed in H22 liver cancer bearing mice.The RhB-micelles were prepared by conjugating rhodamine B with the DHP units of amphiphilic block copolymer PEG-b-P(LA-co-DHP) followed by subsequent self-assembling of the conjugate.The parent copolymer PEG-b-P(LA-co-DHP) was synthesized by ring-opening copo...     

Effects of Co-addition of DBS and PEG on Wetting Performance of TiO_2 Film

Nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 films with indium tin oxide(ITO) coated glass as the film substrate were fabricated through spin-coating technique. The TiO2 pastes were prepared with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate(DBS) modified TiO2 nanocrystals, synthesized by sol-hydrothermal processes in advance, together with different amounts of polyethylene glycol(PEG) macromolecules. The as-prepared films were mainly characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy(...