Cluster knockout reactions

Cluster knockout reactions are expected to reveal the amount of clustering (such as that of α, d and even of heavier clusters such as¹²C, ¹⁶O etc.) in the target nucleus. In simple terms, incident medium high-energy nuclear projectile interacts strongly with the cluster (present in the target nucleus) as if it were existing as a free entity. Theoretically, the relatively softer interactions of the two outgoing particles with the residual nucleus lead to optical distortions and are treated in terms of distorted wave (DW) formalism. The long-range projectile–cluster interaction is accounted for, in terms of the finite range (FR) direct reaction formalism, as against the more commonly adopted zero-range (ZR) distorted wave impulse approximation (DWIA) formalism. Comparison of the DWIA calculations with the observed data provide information about the momentum distribution and the clustering spectroscopic factor of the target nucleus. Interesting results and some recent advancements in the area of (α, 2 α) reactions and heavy cluster knockout reactions are discussed. Importance of the finite-range vertex and the final-state interactions are brought out.     

Approximate Controllability of Nonlinear Delay Integro Differential Evolution Equations with Random Impulses

The basic concept of this research is to analyse the approximate controllability (AC) of a nonlinear delay integrodifferential evolution system (NDIDES) with random impulse of the type \begin{align*}&z''(\zeta)=\mathfrak{A}(\zeta)z(\zeta)+(\mathfrak{B}x)(\zeta)+\int_{0}^{\zeta}\mathcal{H}(\zeta, s,z(\beta(s))), \ \sigma_{q} <\zeta < \sigma_{q+1}, \ \zeta\in [\zeta_{0}, \mathcal{T}], \\ &z(\sigma_{q})=a_{q}(\tau_{q})z(\sigma^{-}_{q}), ~~q = 1,2,\ldots,\\ &z_{\zeta_{0}}=\upsilon,\end{align*} by assuming that the linear system is approximately controllable. The existence and uniqueness of the mild solution to above system have been determined by using the Banach contraction principle and trajectory accessible sets. We generalize the results for NDIDES with and without fixed-type impulsive moments.     

镍铁氰化物纳米粒子的合成及其多相催化无溶剂条件下苯甲醇氧化的潜能(英文)

Nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. A FE-SEM image of the nickel hexacyanoferrate showed that it consists of nearly spherical particles with sizes ranging from 30 to 70 nm. The synthesized material was found to be a heterogeneous catalyst useful for the solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol with H2O2 as an oxidant. A 36% conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde was achieved under optimized reaction conditions using specific parameters such as the amount of catalyst, the temperature, the benzyl alcohol to H2O2 molar ratio, and the reaction time.