Conjugated copolymers comprised cyanophenyl‐substituted spirobifluorene and tricarbazole‐triphenylamine repeat units for blue‐light‐emitting diodes

A series of conjugated blue‐light‐emitting copolymers, PTC‐1 , PTC‐2 , and PTC‐3, comprised different ratios of electron‐withdrawing segments (spirobifluorene substituted with cyanophenyl groups) and electron‐donating segments (tricarbazole‐triphenylamines), has been synthesized. The structures of these polymers were characterized and their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescence properties were measured. Incorporation of rigid spirobifluorene units into the copolymers led to blue‐shifted absorption peaks in dilute toluene solution. Cyclic voltammetric measurement indicated the bandgaps of the polymers were in the range of 2.77–2.94 eV. It was found that increasing cyanophenyl‐spirobifluorene content in the polymer backbone lowered both the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the copolymers, which was beneficial for electron injection/transporting in the polymer layer of the device. OLED device evaluation indicated that all the polymers emitted sky blue to deep blue light when the pure polymers were used as the emissive layers in the devices with a configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymers/CsF/Ca/Al. The devices have been optimized by doping 30 wt % PBD into the polymer layers. Among the doped devices, PTC‐2 showed the best performance with the turn‐on voltage of 3.0 V, maximum brightness of 7257 cd/m², maximum current efficiency of 1.76 cd/A, and CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.14). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 292–301, 2010     

Primary structure of p-momorcharin, a ribosome-inactivating protein from the seeds of Momordica Charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae)

The complete amino acid sequence of β-momorcharin, a ribosome-inactivating protein from the seeds of Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been determined. This has been done by the sequence analysis of peptides obtained by enzymatic digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin and S. aureus V8 protease, as well as by chemical cleavage with BNPS-skatole. The protein consists of 249 amino acid residues containing one asparagine - linked sugar group attached to the site of Asn 5 1 and has a calculated relative molecular mass of 28,452 Da without addition of the carbohydrate. Comparison of this sequence with those of trichosanthin and other ribosome-inactivating proteins from different species of plants shows a significant homology with each other. Regarding the similarity of their biological properties, an active domain of these proteins has been predicted here.     

A New Rearrangement Reaction of 2-Phenyl Substituted Benzothiazepine with Ethoxycarbonyl Carbene─Mechanism of the Reaction and Structure of the Product

Intheprevi0usaFticlesl-2wehavereportedthatthereacti0n0fbenz0diazepinewithethoxycarbonylcarbenemayobtainnormal[2 l]cycIoadditi0npr0ductsregardlessthe2-substitUentismethyl0rphenyl.Howeverunderthesamec0nditi0nsthereaction0fbenzothiazepinewithethoxycarbonylcarbeneunderwentrearrangementreacti0n.Forexample,whenthe2-substituentismethyl,thereacti0nofbenzothiazepinewithethoxycarbonylcarbenegivearing-openingproductIIatroomorhightemperature'.Whenthe2-substituentisphenyl,weunexpectedlyfoundan0thernewrea…     

Screening and Identifying of Nephrotoxic Compounds in Lithospermum erythrorhizon Using Live-cell Fluorescence Imaging and Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In order to identify the potential nephrotoxic compounds in traditional Chinese medicine Lithospermum erythrorhizon,it was separated into serial fractions according to their polarities.An in vitro method was utilized to determine the nephrotoxicity of these fractions with the help of fluorescence image analysis.As a result,the primary fraction A05 and its secondary fractions C06 C09 and C12 C14 were found to have significant toxicity to LLC-PK1 cell line,as determined by the survive rate less than 20% after...     

Blue‐light‐emitting polyfluorene functionalized with triphenylamine and cyanophenylfluorene bipolar side chains

A new bipolar conjugated polyfluorene copolymer with triphenylamine and cyanophenylfluorene as side chains, poly{[9,9‐di(triphenylamine)fluorene]‐[9,9‐dihexyl‐fluorene]‐[2,7‐bis(4′‐cyanophenyl)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene]} ( PTHCF ), was synthesized for studying the polymer backbone emission. Its absolute weight‐average molecular weight was determined as 4.85 × 10⁴ by using gel permeation chromatography with a multiangle light scattering detector. In contrast to the electronic absorption spectrum in dilute solution, the absorbance of PTHCF in thin film was slightly blue shifted. By comparison of the solution and thin‐film photoluminescence (PL) spectra, a red shift of Δλ = 8–9 nm was observed in the thin‐film PL spectrum. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the resulting polymer were electrochemically estimated as ?5.68 and ?2.80 eV, respectively. Under the electric‐field intensity of 4.8 × 10⁵ V cm^?1, the obtained hole and electron mobilities were 2.41 × 10^?4 and 1.40 × 10^?4 cm² V^?1 s^?1, respectively. An electroluminescence device with configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ PTHCF _70%+PBD_30%/CsF/Ca/Al exhibited a deep‐blue emission as a result of excitons formed by the charges migrating along the full‐fluorene main chain. The incorporation of the bipolar side chains into the polymer structure prevented the intermolecular interaction of the fluorene moieties, balance charge injection/transport, and thereby improve the polymer backbone emission. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010     

Infinitely many solutions of a second-order <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-Laplacian problem with impulsive condition

Using the critical point theory and the method of lower and upper solutions, we present a new approach to obtain the existence of solutions to a p-Laplacian impulsive problem. As applications, we get unbounded sequences of solutions and sequences of arbitrarily small positive solutions of the p-Laplacian impulsive problem.     

纺锤形BiVO_4微米管:低温离子熔盐合成及光催化性能

以Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O和NH_4VO_3为原料,以氯化胆碱和尿素组成的低温离子熔盐为反应介质,采用离子热合成法成功制备出了具有纺锤状外形的BiVO_4微米管。利用XRD,SEM,UV-Vis DRS,光催化测试等手段考察了BiVO_4颗粒的物相、形貌和光催化性能。结果表明,在离子熔盐环境下可以制备出结晶良好的BiVO_4纺锤形微米管,该BiVO_4微米管长10～15μm,直径为1.5μm左右,管壁厚约为200 nm。同时,研究了pH值对BiVO_4颗粒物相与形貌的影响,发现随着pH值的变化可分别合成出具有柱状、纺锤形微米管、柱状微米管和针柱状单斜相BiVO_4颗粒。光催化测试结果表明,这些单斜白钨矿BiVO_4颗粒在可见光范围都具有一定的光催化活性,其中纺锤状微米管对罗丹明B的降解效果最佳,可见光照射4.5h后罗丹明B的降解率可达到93%。     

An integrated solution and analysis of bioluminescence tomography and diffuse optical tomography

While diffuse optical tomography (DOT) has been studied for years, bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is emerging as a promising optical molecular imaging tool. These two modalities have different goals. DOT is for reconstruction of optical parameters of a medium such as a breast from surface measurements induced by external sources. BLT is for reconstruction of a bioluminescent source distribution in a medium such as a mouse from surface measurements induced by internal bioluminescent sources. However, an important pre-requisite for BLT reconstruction is the knowledge on the distribution of optical parameters within the medium, which is the output of DOT. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model integrating BLT and DOT at the fundamental level; that is, performing the two types of reconstructions simultaneously instead of doing them sequentially. The model is introduced through minimizing the difference between predicted quantities and boundary measurements, as well as incorporating regularization terms. Then, we show the solution existence, introduce numerical schemes and prove convergence of the numerical solution. We also present numerical results to illustrate the utility of our approach.