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The effect of an electric field on the local stoichiometry of front waves in an ionic chemical system 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A model based on an autocatalytic, two-step reaction mechanismincluding two ionic components (of the same charge) and twonon-ionic components, where both reactions are of second orderoverall, is considered when an electric field is applied tothe system. The model is motivated by experimental observationson the iodate-arsenous acid system. The travelling wave equationsare examined first and conditions obtained for the existenceand form of these waves. These conditions are then used to interpretthe results obtained from numerical simulations of the fullsystem. These results display all the main features observedexperimentally, the change in the local stoichiometry and thepossible wave annihilation for sufficiently strong fields. Themodel provides a clear explanation for these features as wellas predicting new features not reported from the experiments.The main one of which is the occurrence of an internal wavepropagating in the reacted part of the system in the directioninduced by the applied field. 相似文献
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Akiba Y Beavis D Beery P Britt HC Budick B Chasman C Chen Z Chi CY Chu YY Cianciolo V Cole BA Costales JB Crawford HJ Cumming JB Debbe R Engelage J Fung SY Gonin M Gushue S Hamagaki H Hansen O Hayano RS Hayashi S Homma S Kaneko H Kang J Kaufman S Kehoe WL Kurita K Ledoux RJ Levine MJ Miake Y Morrison DP Morse RJ Moskowitz B Nagamiya S Namboodiri MN Nayak TK Olness J Parsons CG Remsberg LP Roehrich D Rothschild P Sakurai H Sangster TC Seto R Soltz R Stankus P Steadman SG Stephans GS Sung T 《Physical review letters》1993,70(8):1057-1060
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The effects of an applied electric field on an ionic autocatalyticreaction with a quadratic rate law are considered, where thereacting species, A+ and B+, are present in a system which alsoincludes non-reacting species C- and D+. The conditions areestablished under which the general terms which describe theelectric field effects in the reaction-diffusion equations canbe simplified to those used in previous studies, where theseeffects are modelled by linear advection terms. The resultingequations are then studied in detail by first obtaining conditionsfor the existence of travelling waves of permanent form. Thisdiscussion shows that B, the ratio of the diffusion coefficientsof B+ and A+, is a critical parameter, with different formsof behaviour arising for B < 1 and B > 1. This analysisis augmented by obtaining solutions valid for large times andlarge values of (the dirnensionless applied field). Numericalsolutions of initial-value problems are obtained for a rangeof values of and B, guided by and interpreted through the analysispreviously obtained. These numerical integrations show the formationof reaction fronts, with the possibility of greatly increasedreaction rates caused by the applied electric field, as wellas propagating electrophoretic fronts in B+ being formed incases where a reaction front is also initiated. There is alsothe possibility of separate electrophoretic fronts in A+ andB+ being formed, which become increasingly separated as timeincreases with the reaction being completely inhibited. 相似文献
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Background
Although octopamine has long been known to have major roles as both transmitter and modulator in arthropods, it has only recently been shown to be functionally important in molluscs, playing a role as a neurotransmitter in the feeding network of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. The synaptic potentials cannot explain all the effects of octopamine-containing neurons on the feeding network, and here we test the hypothesis that octopamine is also a neuromodulator. 相似文献27.
van Pol JH Wilschut HW Löhner H Siemssen RH Lautridou P Lefèvre F Matulewicz T Marqués M Mittig W Ostendorf RW Roussel-Chomaz P Schutz Y Hlavác S Holzmann R Schubert A Simon RS Wagner V Franke M Kühn W Notheisen M Novotny R Ballester F Díaz J Marín A Martínez G Kugler A 《Physical review letters》1996,76(9):1425-1428
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Abbott T Akiba Y Beavis D Bloomer MA Bond PD Chasman C Chen Z Chu YY Cole BA Costales JB Crawford HJ Cumming JB Debbe R Duek E Engelage J Fung SY Gushue S Hamagaki H Hansen O Hayano RS Hayashi S Haustein PE Homma S Huang HZ Ikeda Y Juricic I Kang J Katcoff S Kaufman S Kimura K Kitamura K Kurita K Ledoux RJ LeVine MJ Miake Y Morse RJ Moskowitz B Nagamiya S Olness J Parsons CG Remsberg LP Sakurai H Sarabura M Stankus P Steadman SG Stephans GS Sugitate T Tannenbaum MJ van Dijk JH Videbaek F 《Physical review letters》1993,70(10):1393-1396
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Schubert A Holzmann R Hlavác S Kulessa R Niebur W Simon RS Lautridou P Lefèvre F Marqués M Matulewicz T Mittig W Ostendorf RW Roussel-Chomaz P Schutz Y Löhner H van Pol JH Siemssen RH Wilschut HW Ballester F Díaz J Marín A Martínez G Metag V Novotny R Wagner V Québert J 《Physical review letters》1994,72(11):1608-1611
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Reaction-diffusion systems with zero-flux Neumann boundariesare widely used to model various kinds of interaction in, forexample, the scientific fields of ecology, biology, chemistry,medicine and industry. The physical systems within these fieldsare often known to be (conditionally or unconditionally) resilientwith respect to shocks, disturbances or catastrophies in theimmediate environment. In order to be good mathematical modelsof such situations the reaction-diffusion systems must havethe same resilient or asymptotic behaviour as that of the physicalsituation. Three fundamentally different kinds of reaction termsare usually distinguished according to the entry signs of thereaction Jacobian: mutualism, mixed (predator-prey) interactionand competition. The asymptotic stability (in the Poincarésense) of mutualistic systems has already been studied extensively,but the results cannot be generalized (globally) to the othertwo fundamental types, which are not order-preserving. A partial(local) generalization is, however given here for these twotypes, involving simple Jacobian inequalities and knowledge(often prompted by the underlying physical situation) of invariantsets in solution space. The return time of resilient systemsand the approach rate of asymptotically stable solutions arealso estimated. 相似文献