全文获取类型
收费全文 | 313篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 199篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
数学 | 43篇 |
物理学 | 72篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 16篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 18篇 |
2010年 | 32篇 |
2009年 | 27篇 |
2008年 | 38篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 3篇 |
2004年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 13篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有315条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
Study by grazing incident diffraction and surface spectroscopy of amalgams from ancient mirrors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. K. Herrera A. Duran M. L. Franquelo A. R. González-Elipe J. P. Espinós J. Rubio-Zuazo G. R. Castro A. Justo J. L. Perez-Rodriguez 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2009,7(1):47-53
Characterization of four amalgam surfaces, with different alteration degrees from Andalusia historical mirrors, has been carried
out by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), and other spectroscopic techniques (SEM/EDX, XPS, and REELS). The combination
of all these techniques allows determining the corrosion state of the amalgams. The results show that the amalgams are composed
in all cases of a binary alloy of tin and mercury. As mercury has high vapour pressure at RT, it slowly segregates and eventually
evaporates, it leaves finely divided particles of tin that easily can be oxidize, forming tin monoxide (SnO) and tin dioxide
(SnO2). In one of the samples, most of the amalgam remains unoxidized, since Hg0.1Sn0.9 and metallic Sn phases are the major components; in two other samples, Hg0.1Sn0.9 and Sn phases are not detected while SnO2 and SnO phases appear. Finally, in the last studied sample, only SnO2 phase is detected. The surface analyses of these samples by XPS show that, for most of them an unique chemical species (Sn4+) is found.
相似文献
62.
Braulio Insuasty Yupanqui Caldfas Justo Cobo Christopher Glidewell 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2009,65(9):o483-o486
The molecules of the title compound, C20H23N3O6, are almost completely planar, apart from the H atoms bonded to tetrahedral C atoms. A combination of five hydrogen bonds, one of the N—H...O type and two each of the C—H...O and C—H...π(arene) types, links the molecules into complex sheets. 相似文献
63.
Juan C. Castillo Rodrigo Abonía Justo Cobo Christopher Glidewell 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2009,65(6):o303-o310
5‐Benzylamino‐3‐tert‐butyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole, C20H23N3, (I), and its 5‐[4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]‐, C21H22F3N3, (III), and 5‐(4‐bromobenzyl)‐, C20H22BrN3, (V), analogues, are isomorphous in the space group C2/c, but not strictly isostructural; molecules of (I) form hydrogen‐bonded chains, while those of (III) and (V) form hydrogen‐bonded sheets, albeit with slightly different architectures. Molecules of 3‐tert‐butyl‐5‐(4‐methylbenzylamino)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole, C21H25N3, (II), are linked into hydrogen‐bonded dimers by a combination of N—H...π(arene) and C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds, while those of 3‐tert‐butyl‐5‐(4‐chlorobenzylamino)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole, C20H22ClN3, (IV), form hydrogen‐bonded chains of rings which are themselves linked into sheets by an aromatic π–π stacking interaction. Simple hydrogen‐bonded chains built from a single N—H...O hydrogen bond are formed in 3‐tert‐butyl‐5‐(4‐nitrobenzylamino)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole, C20H22N4O2, (VI), while in 3‐tert‐butyl‐5‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzylamino)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole, C23H29N3O3, (VII), which crystallizes with Z′ = 2 in the space group P, pairs of molecules are linked into two independent centrosymmetric dimers, one generated by a three‐centre N—H...(O)2 hydrogen bond and the other by a two‐centre N—H...O hydrogen bond. 相似文献
64.
The statistical properties of the estimated eye aberrations differ in general from the actual ones owing to the cross coupling and aliasing generated in the estimation process. In particular, the estimated Zernike aberration coefficients may show fictitious correlations that are not present in the incoming wavefronts. This fact should be taken into account when analyzing estimated aberration datasets, searching for correlations related to physiological eye features. We give an analytical model for this effect and evaluate its magnitude for a particular example, assuming that the true aberration statistics follows a Kolmogorov power law. 相似文献
65.
Justo Y Goris B Kamal JS Geiregat P Bals S Hens Z 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2012,134(12):5484-5487
Pb cations in PbS quantum rods made from CdS quantum rods by successive complete cationic exchange reactions are partially re-exchanged for Cd cations. Using STEM-HAADF, we show that this leads to the formation of unique multiple dot-in-rod PbS/CdS heteronanostructures, with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 45-55%. We argue that the formation of multiple dot-in-rods is related to the initial polycrystallinity of the PbS quantum rods, where each PbS crystallite transforms in a separate PbS/CdS dot-in-dot. Effective mass modeling indicates that electronic coupling between the different PbS conduction band states is feasible for the multiple dot-in-rod geometries obtained, while the hole states remain largely uncoupled. 相似文献
66.
Jairo Quiroga Yurina Díaz Justo Cobo Christopher Glidewell 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2012,68(1):o12-o18
Six closely related pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives, namely 6‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐1,4‐diphenylpyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carbaldehyde, C20H14ClN3O, (I), 6‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐4‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐1‐phenylpyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carbaldehyde, C21H16ClN3O, (II), 6‐chloro‐4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carbaldehyde, C20H13Cl2N3O, (III), 4‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐6‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carbaldehyde, C20H13BrClN3O, (IV), 6‐chloro‐4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carbaldehyde, C21H16ClN3O2, (V), and 6‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐4‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1‐phenylpyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carbaldehyde, C20H13ClN4O3, (VI), which differ only in the identity of a single small substituent on one of the aryl rings, crystallize in four different space groups spanning three crystal systems. The molecules of (I) are linked into a chain of rings by a combination of C—H...N and C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds; those of (II), (IV) and (V), which all crystallize in the space group P, are each linked by two independent C—H...O hydrogen bonds to form chains of edge‐fused rings running in different directions through the three unit cells; the molecules of (III) are linked into complex sheets by a combination of two C—H...O hydrogen bonds and one C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond; finally, the molecules of (VI) are linked by a single C—H...O hydrogen bond to form a simple chain. 相似文献
67.
Reactions of 3-substituted-5-amino-1H-pyrazoles with 2-acetylcyclopentanone or 2-ethoxycarbo-nylcyclopentanone lead to the regioselective formation of a new series of cyclopentapyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in good yields. When 2-acetylbutyrolactone was used, the reaction provided 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinone and/or the intermediate (3Z)-3-{1-[(5-R-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]ethylidene}-4,5-dihydrofuranone. This indicates that the cyclization proceeds with butyrolactone ring opening as the last step. Several aspects of this regioselective reaction, including mechanistic and structural studies, are considered. 相似文献
68.
This paper deals with cooperation situations in linear production problems in which a set of goods are to be produced from a set of resources so that a certain benefit function is maximized, assuming that resources not used in the production plan have no value by themselves. The Owen set is a well-known solution rule for the class of linear production processes. Despite their stability properties, Owen allocations might give null payoff to players that are necessary for optimal production plans. This paper shows that, in general, the aforementioned drawback cannot be avoided allowing only allocations within the core of the cooperative game associated to the original linear production process, and therefore a new solution set named EOwen is introduced. For any player whose resources are needed in at least one optimal production plan, the EOwen set contains at least one allocation that assigns a strictly positive payoff to such player. 相似文献
69.
Teixeira Z Dreiss CA Lawrence MJ Heenan RK Machado D Justo GZ Guterres SS Durán N 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2012,382(1):36-47
Nanocapsules containing poly(d,l-lactide) shell and retinyl palmitate core have been prepared by the pre-formed polymer interfacial deposition method. Dynamic light scattering measurements yielded an average hydrodynamic diameter of ~220nm and a polydispersity index of ~0.12. Small-angle neutron scattering experiments revealed the presence of two populations of nanocapsules of core diameters ~192 and 65nm. Freeze fracture transmission electron microscopy showed a polydisperse population of nanocapsules (NC), with a poly(d,l-lactide) shell thickness between 11 and 3nm. For comparison purposes, nanoemulsions (NE, no polymer) and nanospheres (NS, polymer matrix) were also prepared. Each type of nanoparticles exhibited a different morphology (when examined by electron microscopy), in particular NC showed deformability by capillary adhesion. All three types of nanoparticles successfully encapsulated the poorly water-soluble molecules baicalein and benzophenone-3. The thermal behavior of the various nanoparticles was different to a physical mixture of its individual components. Cytotoxicity and phototoxicity assays, performed in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and murine fibroblasts (BALB/c 3T3), showed that the NC were only cytotoxic at high concentrations. In vitro release studies of benzophenone-3, by the dialysis bag method using NC and NS, showed a sustained release; however, permeation studies using plastic surgery human abdominal skin in Franz diffusion cells showed that a higher amount of benzophenone-3 from NC penetrated into the skin, most probably due to the deformable nature of these nanoparticles. 相似文献
70.
Celeste Garcia Antonio Quesada Manuel Melguizo Justo Cobo Manuel Nogueras Adolfo Snchez Debbie Cannon John Nicolson Low 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2001,57(9):1103-1105
The title compound, C9H12N2O3, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. There is extensive hydrogen bonding which results in the formation of a two‐dimensional corrugated sheet. This supramolecular structure is determined by the formation of hydrogen‐bonded chains resulting from the presence of a 6‐amino group and an ethoxycarbonyl group as substituents on a pyridine ring in relative para positions which constitute a π‐electron `push–pull' system. 相似文献