A simple method for extracting both active oily and water soluble extract (WSE) from Nigella sativa (L.) seeds using a single solvent system

The current study provides a way of extraction for both active NSO and WSE from Nigella sativa seeds using 98% methanol. About 1?kg of ground seeds was macerated by 1:2.5 w/v (g/mL) for 72?hours. After rotary evaporation and 7 days of continuous drying and chilling at 50 and 4?°C, NSO and WSE were obtained at the same instant. Solubility tests of 24 solvents and 11 thin layer chromatographic analyses while 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay of NSO (73.66) , WSE (33.32) and NSO?+?WSE (78.22) against ascorbic acid (IC50?=?4.28?mg/mL) was performed. WSE was found to be highly soluble in water and 5% NaOH exhibiting the same Rf value of 0.95 for EtOH:DMSO (9:1) against the honey. WSE has revealed more than twofold higher anti-oxidant activity than others. Formulation of WSE with Tualang honey may provide better targeted hydrophilic drug delivery systems.     

Approximations of inverse boundary element methods with partial measurements of the pressure field

Boundary element methods (BEMs) based near-field acoustic holography (NAH) requires the measurement of the pressure field over a closed surface in order to recover the normal velocity on a nearby conformal surface. There are practical cases when measurements are available over a patch from the measurement surface in which conventional inverse BEM based NAH (IBEM) cannot be applied directly, but instead as an approximation. In this work two main approximations based on the indirect-implicit methods are considered: Patch IBEM and IBEM with Cauchy data. Patch IBEM can be applied with a continuation procedure, which as its predecessor patch NAH (a well known technique that can be used on separable geometries of the wave equation) continues the pressure field using an iterative procedure, or it can be applied by a direct procedure. On the other hand, IBEM with Cauchy data requires measurements over two conformal patches and it will be shown that this technique will be reliable regardless of the position of the source. The theory behind each method will be justified and validated using a cylindrical surface with numerical data generated by point sources, and using experimental data from a cylindrical fuselage excited by a point force.     

N-isopropylsulfinylimines as useful intermediates in the synthesis of chiral amines: expeditive asymmetric synthesis of the calcimimetic (+)-NPS R-568

An efficient and high-yielding approach for the asymmetric synthesis of calcimimetic (+)-NPS R-568 (1) has been developed. The key step of the synthesis is the highly diastereoselective addition of methyl Grignard to the (SS,E)-N-(3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-propanesulfinamide [5(S)], which afforded a single diastereoisomer in high yield in short reaction time.     

Basic Sequences in the Dual of a Fréchet Space

In this paper we study some properties of basic sequences in the dual of a Fréechet space. As a consequence we obtain that if E is a Fréechet space with the property that for each closed subspace F of E and each bounded subset B of E/F there is a bounded subset A of E with φ(A) = B, where φ denotes the canonical surjection of E onto E/F, then one of the following conditions is at least satisfied: 1. E is a Banach space, 2. E is a Schwartz space, 3. E is the product of a Banach space by ω. Finally, we also obtain some results concerning totally reflexive spaces.     

Swimming performance of a biomimetic compliant fish-like robot

Digital particle image velocimetry and fluorescent dye visualization are used to characterize the performance of fish-like swimming robots. During nominal swimming, these robots produce a ‘V’-shaped double wake, with two reverse-Kármán streets in the far wake. The Reynolds number based on swimming speed and body length is approximately 7500, and the Strouhal number based on flapping frequency, flapping amplitude, and swimming speed is 0.86. It is found that swimming speed scales with the strength and geometry of a composite wake, which is constructed by freezing each vortex at the location of its centroid at the time of shedding. Specifically, we find that swimming speed scales linearly with vortex circulation. Also, swimming speed scales linearly with flapping frequency and the width of the composite wake. The thrust produced by the swimming robot is estimated using a simple vortex dynamics model, and we find satisfactory agreement between this estimate and measurements made during static load tests.     

高聚合度Ⅱ-型聚磷酸铵的合成

用聚合反应-热处理两段工艺合成了高聚合度的聚磷酸铵（APP）阻燃材料,其结构经XRD,粒度及平均聚合度表征。优化反应条件为：磷酸氢二铵1mol,n（磷酸氢二铵）：n（五氧化二磷）：n（脲）：1．0：1．0：0．3．干燥氨气氛下于290℃反应30min,再经250℃-280℃后处理100min-110min。APP的平均聚合度大于150,粒度小于50μm。