全文获取类型
收费全文 | 777961篇 |
免费 | 7076篇 |
国内免费 | 2142篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 390663篇 |
晶体学 | 11476篇 |
力学 | 39123篇 |
综合类 | 17篇 |
数学 | 105587篇 |
物理学 | 240313篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 6396篇 |
2020年 | 6939篇 |
2019年 | 7852篇 |
2018年 | 10514篇 |
2017年 | 10659篇 |
2016年 | 15268篇 |
2015年 | 8927篇 |
2014年 | 14721篇 |
2013年 | 34836篇 |
2012年 | 26940篇 |
2011年 | 32406篇 |
2010年 | 23632篇 |
2009年 | 23825篇 |
2008年 | 29961篇 |
2007年 | 29998篇 |
2006年 | 27811篇 |
2005年 | 24579篇 |
2004年 | 22943篇 |
2003年 | 20614篇 |
2002年 | 20564篇 |
2001年 | 22343篇 |
2000年 | 17266篇 |
1999年 | 13538篇 |
1998年 | 11622篇 |
1997年 | 11271篇 |
1996年 | 10816篇 |
1995年 | 9689篇 |
1994年 | 9490篇 |
1993年 | 9261篇 |
1992年 | 9946篇 |
1991年 | 10360篇 |
1990年 | 9903篇 |
1989年 | 9724篇 |
1988年 | 9584篇 |
1987年 | 9475篇 |
1986年 | 8992篇 |
1985年 | 11711篇 |
1984年 | 12069篇 |
1983年 | 10042篇 |
1982年 | 10550篇 |
1981年 | 10175篇 |
1980年 | 9756篇 |
1979年 | 10463篇 |
1978年 | 10586篇 |
1977年 | 10679篇 |
1976年 | 10676篇 |
1975年 | 10180篇 |
1974年 | 9825篇 |
1973年 | 10205篇 |
1972年 | 7233篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Non-stoichiometric ternary chalcogenides (Zn,Fe)S were prepared in the film form by pyrolytic spray deposition technique, using air/nitrogen as the carrier gas. The precursor solution comprised of ZnCl2, FeCl2 and thiourea. The depositions were carried out under optimum conditions of experimental parameters viz. carrier gas (air/nitrogen) flow rate, concentration of precursor constituents, nozzle substrate distance and temperature of quartz substrate. The deposited thin films were later sintered in argon at 1073 K for 120 min.The structural, compositional and optical properties of the sintered thin films were studied. X-ray diffraction studies of the thin films indicated the presence of (Zn,Fe)S solid solution with prominent cubic sphalerite phase while surface morphology as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a granular structure.The chemical composition of the resulting thin films as analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) reflected the composition of the precursor solutions from which the depositions were carried out with Fe at% values ranging from 0.4 up to 33.SEM micrographs of thin films reveal that the grain sizes of the thin films prepared using air as carrier gas and N2 as carrier gas are in the vicinity of 300 and 150 nm, respectively.The diffuse transmittance measurements for thin films, as a function of wavelength reveal the dependence of direct optical band gap on Fe content and type of phase. 相似文献
93.
The spatial structure of Bragg angles and the transfer functions of an acousto-optic cell are calculated for the cases of isotropic and anisotropic light diffraction in a uniaxial crystal. Their change with ultrasound frequency is traced. The possibility of image processing by acousto-optic filtration of the spatial spectrum of an image is considered. The results of experimental visualization of the transfer functions of a calcium molybdate crystal cell are presented. 相似文献
94.
V. Yu. Belashov 《Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics》2002,45(5):376-380
We consider generalizations of the earlier results, obtained for one-dimensional equations of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) class, to two- and three-dimensional KP-class equations with an arbitrary nonlinearity index with allowance for the higher-order dispersion correction and terms describing dissipation and instability. The asymptotics of soliton and nonsoliton solutions are derived. Constructing phase portraits in the 8-dimensional space based on the results of a qualitative analysis of generalized Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations is discussed. 相似文献
95.
H.S RagabA Shehap M.S Abo EllilW.H Osman F.H Abd El-Kader 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2002,63(10):1839-1847
Ternary-phase ceramic system of Li2O Al2O3 4SiO2 doped with CuO, FeO and TiO2 has been prepared and subjected to dc electrical conductivity and thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) measurements as a function of temperature (30-250 °C) and field strength. The electrical conductivity results are explained by assuming both ionic and electronic conduction mechanisms coexist with different contributions over the whole temperature range of experiments. TSDC spectra have been found to be characterized by a broad intense relaxation peak, which can be attributed to an ionic charge polarization. The broad relaxation transitions are apparently a result of the nonuniform nature of this process. Activation energies are calculated for both dc electrical conductivity and TSDC according to Arrhenius equation and initial rise method, respectively. 相似文献
96.
A noiselike fine structure of ferromagnetic resonance spectra in magnetic powders was investigated after ultrasonic treatment. Magnetic interactions between particles are proved to have an influence upon the fine structure formation. After decreasing dipole-dipole magnetic interactions in dilute suspension a special order appears in fine-structure spectra, which is generally the same for different systems. 相似文献
97.
Using Wagner's polarization technique and EMF method the joinic and silver ionic transport number measurements of various
compositions of the mixed system CdI2-Ag2O-CrO3 have been made. The presence of AgI in these materials has been inferred from the typical β → α phase transition of AgI,
which is characterized by an endothermic peak at around 420 K in the DSC traces of these specimens. While the structural analysis
performed by means of powder X-ray diffraction has revealed the formation of ionic phases involving polycrystalline compounds,
the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic results have indicated the presence of ionic species thus confirming the
ionic nature of the products. The complex impedance studies carried out in the frequency range 20 Hz - 1 MHz and over the
temperature range 294 – 442 K have revealed that the best conducting composition, namely 55%(CdI2) – 45%(Ag2O·CrO3), would exhibit a silver ionic conductivity of 1.3×10−5Scm−1 at 294 K. 相似文献
98.
de Souza P. A. Garg V. K. Klingelhöfer G. Gellert R. Gütlich P. 《Hyperfine Interactions》2002,139(1-4):705-714
A portable Mössbauer spectrometer, developed for extraterrestrial applications, opens up new industrial applications of MBS. But for industrial applications, an available tool for fast data analysis is also required, and it should be easy to handle. The analysis of Mössbauer spectra and their parameters is a barrier for the popularity of this wide-applicable spectroscopic technique in industry. Based on experience, the analysis of a Mössbauer spectrum is time-consuming and requires the dedication of a specialist. However, the analysis of Mössbauer spectra, from the fitting to the identification of the sample phases, can be faster using by genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks. Industrial applications are very specific ones and the data analysis can be performed using these algorithms. In combination with an automatic analysis, the Mössbauer spectrometer can be used as a probe instrument which covers the main industrial needs for an on-line monitoring of its products, processes and case studies. Some of these real industrial applications will be discussed. 相似文献
99.
Critical problems of the present approach of electrolytes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) for commercialization are discussed.
Major progress is expected from the development of materials based on the “SEA (Single Element Arrangement)” concept. The
galvanic cell consists in this case basically of a single chemically homogeneous compound, which functions as electrodes at
high and low activity and as electrolyte at intermediate activities of the electroactive component.
In view of the large structural flexibility of the chemical nature of the constitutents, we explored perovskite (ABO3)-type compounds to be used as SEAs for SOFCs. Results of studies on Pr-substituted LSGM and Fe-substituted SrSnO3 perovskite-type oxides are presented. For instance, SrSn1-xFexO3-δ with x=0.1 exhibits p and n-type electronic conduction at the cathode and anode sides of the SOFC, respectively, while oxide
ion conduction prevails at intermediate oxygen partial pressures. The SEA concept is also applicable for other devices in
the field of Ionics. 相似文献
100.
Q. Sun Q. Wang X.G. Gong V. Kumar Y. Kawazoe 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2002,18(1):77-81
We report results of the atomic and electronic structures of Al7C cluster using ab initio molecular dynamics with ultrasoft pseudopotentials and generalized gradient approximation. The lowest energy structure is
found to be the one in which carbon atom occupies an interstitial position in Al7 cluster. The electronic structure shows that the recent observation [Chem. Phys. Lett. 316, 31 (2000)] of magic behavior of Al7C- cluster is due to a large highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap which makes Al7C- chemically inert. These results have further led us to the finding of a new neutral magic cluster Al7N which has the same number of valence electrons as in Al7C- and a large HOMO-LUMO gap of 1.99 eV. Further, calculations have been carried out on (Al7N)2 to study interaction between magic clusters.
Received 28 July 2001 相似文献