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91.
The continuous photoreduction of methyl viologen by 5,5″-bis(aminomethyl)-2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene (AT) and 2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene-5,5″-dicarboxylic acid (CT), using EDTA as a sacrificial electron donor, has been investigated in aqueous solution at various pH. Apparent rates and efficiencies of production of the methyl viologen radical cation (MV+) were found to be dependent on the pH, the concentrations of all three components and the intensity of the incident light. The highest conversion efficiency (77%) was shown by the bis(aminoniethyI (-substituted terthiophene AT at pH 7.7. The quantum yield for the formation of MV+ under these conditions was 0.24, which is comparable with other common systems  相似文献   
92.
X射线吸收光谱(XAS)可为负载型单中心(单原子或单核金属络合物)催化剂的结构和电子特性提供重要信息.虽然XAS技术可表征真实反应条件下、无需长程有序结构的催化剂,并且可提供对于负载型单中心催化剂非常重要的金属-载体界面信息;但是它给出的信息是包括与催化有关或无关的所有负载型金属物种的平均信息.负载型催化剂的准确表征具有长期挑战性,也限制了我们准确地理解催化剂的构效关系.为了更好地利用XAS表征技术,深入研究催化剂的构效关系,并最终用其指导设计开发出高效的催化剂,制备具有均一结构活性位的负载型单中心催化剂,并采用XAS及相关技术对其表征至关重要.本文列举了一些实例以说明XAS在表征具有均一结构活性位的负载型单中心催化剂方面的能力,以及XAS如何与其他技术(如扫描透射电子显微镜和红外光谱)互补,为以分子筛和金属-有机骨架材料为载体而制得的具有均一结构活性位的负载型单中心催化剂提供原子尺度的信息.  相似文献   
93.
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - In the present work, the conduction ions in 15NaI∙LiBH4 are investigated by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and galvanostatic measurements. An...  相似文献   
94.
The ketene silyl acetal derived from ethyl 2-benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylate undergoes a rapid oxidation reaction with N-bromosuccinimide to form 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium ion, which reacts with Grignard reagents to give 1,1-disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines in good yields.  相似文献   
95.
By use of a decarboxylation reaction with lead tetraacetate and a deacetoxylation reaction with sodium borohydride as key-reactions, paromamine (12 and tri-N-benzyloxycarbonylparomamine (12a) were synthesized from D-glucosamine.  相似文献   
96.
In the reaction with silyl enol ethers catalyzed by stannic chloride, 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranosyl acetate behaves as an ambident electrophile; silyl enol ethers of ketones having α-hetero substituents afford C-1 adducts, whereas those of usual acyclic ketones give products arising from attack on C-2 benzoxyl group.  相似文献   
97.
The hydrophobic interaction of amphiphilic copolymers, which contain 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) and 1vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VPy), with Methyl Orange (MO) was compared with that of HEMA-acrylamide (AAm) copolymers to deduce the correlation between their complexation ability in a photochromic azo dye and the photoviscosity effect in aqueous copolymer/dye complex solution. On the basis of the dialysis data and fluorometric analysis it appeared that the complexation dependence on HEMA content in the copolymers was due to the hydrophobic interaction between the polymer and the dye. For a comparable HEMA content AAm copolymers bound less MO than VPy copolymers. It was confiied by photoviscosity measurements that the conformation of the complex composed of photochromic azo dye and HEMA copolymer changed reversibly in response to the photo- and thermal isomerization of the dye. In HEMA-AAm copolymer systems the photoviscosity effect was small compared with that of HEMA-VPy copolymer systems. From these results it was concluded that the complexation ability of polymers due to the hydrophobic interaction was an important factor in producing a large photoinduced conformational change in water.  相似文献   
98.
Piezoelectric quartz crystal sensors were developed using lipids with various properties for highly sensitive detection of chemical vapors. Lipids with varying lengths of alkyl chains were coated onto 10 MHz AT-cut quartz crystal resonators and the response of these modified crystals to chemical vapors were measured. It was shown that hydrophilic compounds, such as ethanol and methanol, could be recognized efficiently by lipids having shorter alkyl chains, whereas lipids with longer alkyl chains showed affinity to more hydrophobic vapors, such as toluene, hexane and cyclohexane. Frequency changes caused by adsorption of alcohols could be enhanced when cholesterol was co-immobilized in the lipid layer. To confirm the assumption that the sensor-response might be affected by the properties of lipids derived from acyl chains, we have examined the effects of two types of newly synthesized unusual lipids on sensor response. When lipids having one triple bond each at different positions on their alkyl chains were coated onto quartz crystals separately, lower responses were observed compared to responses obtained for a sensor with immobilized, saturated phosphatidylcholine. Lipids containing -branched acyl chains, however, showed good affinity for organic vapors, and sensor responses improved 4–5-fold. Moreover, these sensors were shown to have sensitivity of the same order as the humans' sense of smell (10−5–10−6 w/w in liquid paraffin) when measured using standard odorants (isovaleric acid, skatole, etc.) for an olfactometry established in Japan.  相似文献   
99.
A computer-operated spectrograph was recently built at Okazaki, Japan. Different specimens can be placed on a horseshoe-shaped focal curve (10 m long) covering a wavelength range of 250 to 1000 nm so they can be irradiated simultaneously. The linear dispersion is about 0.8 nm/cm. The photon fluence rate on the focal curve is 5 x 1015. photons x cm-2 x s-1 at 300nm and 1 x 1016 photons x cm-2 x s-1 at 600 and at 900 nm. The spectral half width is 5.5 nm or less on the focal curve. The stray light content is about 10-5 of the main peak at the peak wavelength ± 100 nm. Specimens are set in microcomputer-controlled threshold boxes so that wavelengths, photon fluence rates, photon fluences and timing of irradiations are controlled automatically according to a pre-programmed schedule. An optical fiber system is also provided for remote irradiations.  相似文献   
100.
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