Kinoform optics applied to X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy

Moderate‐demagnification higher‐order silicon kinoform focusing lenses have been fabricated to facilitate small‐angle X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) experiments. The geometric properties of such lenses, their focusing performance and their applicability for XPCS measurements are described. It is concluded that one‐dimensional vertical X‐ray focusing via silicon kinoform lenses significantly increases the usable coherent flux from third‐generation storage‐ring light sources for small‐angle XPCS experiments.     

Dynamic nuclear polarization by electrical spin injection in ferromagnet-semiconductor heterostructures

Electrical spin injection from Fe into AlxGa1-xAs quantum well heterostructures is demonstrated in small (<500 Oe) in-plane magnetic fields. The measurement is sensitive only to the component of the spin that precesses about the internal magnetic field in the semiconductor. This field is much larger than the applied field and depends strongly on the injection current density. Details of the observed hysteresis in the spin injection signal are reproduced in a model that incorporates the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the epitaxial Fe film, spin relaxation in the semiconductor, and the dynamic polarization of nuclei by the injected spins.     

Subpicosecond electro-optic measurement of relativistic electron pulses

Time-resolved measurements of the transverse electric field associated with relativistic electron bunches are presented. Using an ultrafast electro-optic sensor close to the electron beam, the longitudinal profile of the electric field was measured with subpicosecond time resolution and without time-reversal ambiguity. Results are shown for two cases: inside the vacuum beam line in the presence of wake fields, and in air behind a beryllium window, effectively probing the near-field transition radiation. Especially in the latter case, reconstruction of the longitudinal electron bunch shape is straightforward.