Quantitative three-dimensional imaging of soot volume fraction in turbulent non-premixed flames

A three-dimensional (3-D) imaging system for studies of reactive and non-reactive flows is described. It can be used to reveal the topology of turbulent structures and to extract 3-D quantities, such as concentration gradients. Measurements are performed using a high repetition rate laser and detector system in combination with a scanning mirror. In this study, the system is used for laser-induced incandescence measurements to obtain quantitative 3-D soot volume fraction distributions in both laminar and turbulent non-premixed flames. From the acquired data, iso-concentration surfaces are visualised and concentration gradients calculated.     

Syntheses of O-(2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-α-D-Galactopyranosyl)-Myo-Inositols

ABSTRACT

The structure of an O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranosyl)-myo-inositol isolated from human pregnancy urine has previously been identified as that of 1-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranosyl)-myo-inositol. In order to ascertain the absolute configuration in the inositol part of the compound, the 1D- and 1L- isomers were synthesised. Since none of these two stereoisomers corresponded to the natural product, the corresponding 2-O-, the mixture of the two 1DL-4-O-, and 5-O- isomers were also synthesised. None of these gave ¹H NMR spectra corresponding to the natural product, the structure of which therefore remains unresolved.     

Determination of the structures of symmetric protein oligomers from NMR chemical shifts and residual dipolar couplings

Symmetric protein dimers, trimers, and higher-order cyclic oligomers play key roles in many biological processes. However, structural studies of oligomeric systems by solution NMR can be difficult due to slow tumbling of the system and the difficulty in identifying NOE interactions across protein interfaces. Here, we present an automated method (RosettaOligomers) for determining the solution structures of oligomeric systems using only chemical shifts, sparse NOEs, and domain orientation restraints from residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) without a need for a previously determined structure of the monomeric subunit. The method integrates previously developed Rosetta protocols for solving the structures of monomeric proteins using sparse NMR data and for predicting the structures of both nonintertwined and intertwined symmetric oligomers. We illustrated the performance of the method using a benchmark set of nine protein dimers, one trimer, and one tetramer with available experimental data and various interface topologies. The final converged structures are found to be in good agreement with both experimental data and previously published high-resolution structures. The new approach is more readily applicable to large oligomeric systems than conventional structure-determination protocols, which often require a large number of NOEs, and will likely become increasingly relevant as more high-molecular weight systems are studied by NMR.     

Advantages of Monodisperse and Chemically Robust “SpheriCal” Polyester Dendrimers as a “Universal” MS Calibrant

The utilization of dendrimer calibrants as an alternative to peptides and proteins for high mass calibration is explored. These synthetic macromolecules exhibited a number of attractive advantages, including exceptional shelf-lives, broad compatibility with a wide range of matrices and solvents, and evenly spaced calibration masses across the mass range examined, 700–30,000 u. The exceptional purity of these dendrimers and the technical simplicity of this calibration platform validate their broad relevance for high molecular weight mass spectrometry.

Shape coexistence in the neutron deficient Pb isotopes and the configuration-constrained shell correction approach

Calculations of shape-isomeric states in neutron deficient lead isotopes have been performed using the configuration-constrained shell correction method with a Woods-Saxon average potential and a monopole pairing interaction. This approach enables us to decompose the ground state potential energy surface in separate parts characterized uniquely by the number of occupied intruder orbitals. The calculations reproduce the positions of the excited 0⁺ intruder states. The isotope¹⁹⁶Pb is discussed in detail.     

Hyperfine structure measurements of103Rh

Hyperfine structure has been measured in 28 states of¹⁰³Rh below 34,000 cm^?1. The magnetic dipole interactionA constants in the metastable states 4d ⁸ 5s ⁴ P _5/2,3/2,² P _3/2,1/2,² D _5/2,3/2,² G _9/2,7/2 and 4d ⁷ 5s ^{2 4} F _{9/2,7/2,5/2,3/2} have been determined using the laser radio-frequency double-resonance method and in the states 4d ⁸ 5p ⁴ D _{7/2,5/2,3/2,1/2},⁴ G _7/2,5/2,⁴ F _{9/2,7/2,5/2,3/2},² G _9/2,7/2,² F _7/2,5/2 and² D _5/2,3/2 by high-resolution laser spectroscopy.     

Construction of isarithms and isarithmic maps by computers

The most important consideration in map construction is that the finished map shall give an objective picture of the actuality it represents. It is also important that the map can be produced quickly and efficiently with a minimum of manual labor. The coordinate mapping method fulfils these requirements to a very high degree. This article deals with isarithmic mapping methods adapted to the coordinate mapping method and to computers and automatic data processing.     

Cubic interaction terms for arbitrarily extended supermultiplets

Using a light-cone superspace formalism we construct cubic interaction terms for all maximally extended supersymmetry multiplets where the maximum helicity λ is an integer. The coupling constants have dimension [length]^λ?1 and there is a gauge group for any odd λ.     

A DSC study of the phase transformations of ammonium nitrate

A literature survey has been made of heat capacity and transition enthalpy values for ammonium nitrate. New DSC experiments lead to Δ H⁰ values for the IV å III, III å II and II å I transitions in good agreement with older data, and to a new value for the enthalpy of fusion. The effect of thermal history and moisture content is discussed.     

Computer screen photo-excited surface plasmon resonance imaging

Angle and spectra resolved surface plasmon resonance (SPR) images of gold and silver thin films with protein deposits is demonstrated using a regular computer screen as light source and a web camera as detector. The screen provides multiple-angle illumination, p-polarized light and controlled spectral radiances to excite surface plasmons in a Kretchmann configuration. A model of the SPR reflectances incorporating the particularities of the source and detector explain the observed signals and the generation of distinctive SPR landscapes is demonstrated. The sensitivity and resolution of the method, determined in air and solution, are 0.145 nm pixel⁻¹, 0.523 nm, 5.13 × 10⁻³ RIU degree⁻¹ and 6.014 × 10⁻⁴ RIU, respectively, encouraging results at this proof of concept stage and considering the ubiquity of the instrumentation.