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51.
Amplitude and phase characteristics for numerical approximations to the shallow water wave equation are obtained for linear and quadratic finite elements, for finite difference approximations, for non-constant bathemetry, and for uneven node spacing. Stability is shown to require non-zero friction as well as satisfaction of a Courant constraint. Lumping is shown to reduce the Courant constraint for stability while higher order and quadratic finite element approximations require a more restrictive constraint than their second order and linear finite element counterparts. The amplitude of the propagation factor for stable schemes and propagating waves is seen to be independent of the Courant number and type of numerical approximation. Although the higher order and quadratic schemes provide better propagation of the low and moderate frequency waves, the highest frequency waves (2Δx) are better propagated by low order numerical methods.  相似文献   
52.
53.
We present a model that includes the production of arbitrarily many jets in lepton-hadron events, using the leading log formalism for parton shower evolution. The main problem encountered here, which has not previously been illuminated by studies ofe + e ? annihilation or Drell-Yan/Z 0/W ± production, is the choice of kinematics in the space-like shower evolution. In our preferred solution, the standard definition of Bjorkenx is preserved during the construction of initial and final state showers—a nontrivial constraint. The resulting model is described in detail, including some first investigations of its properties.  相似文献   
54.
Strategies for spatially resolved soot volume-fraction measurements have been investigated in sooting laboratory flames with known soot characteristics. Two techniques were compared: Laser-Induced Fluorescence in C2 from Laser-Vaporized Soot (LIF(C2)LVS), and Laser-Induced Incandescence of soot (LII). The LII signal is the increased temperature radiation from soot particles which have been heated to temperatures of several thousand degrees as a consequence of absorption of laser radiation. The LIF(C2)LVS technique is based on the production of C2 radicals from laser-vaporized soot which occurs for laser intensities ≥107 W/cm2. A laser wavelength is chosen such that besides vaporizizng the soot, it also excites the C2 radicals, and the subsequent C2 fluorescence signal is detected. The signals from both techniques showed good correlation with soot volume fractions in the studied flame. The dependence of the signals on experimental parameters was studied, and the influence of interfering radiation, such as background flame luminosity and fluorescence from polyaromatic hydrocarbons, on studied signals was established. The potential of the two techniques for imaging of soot volume fractions in laboratory flames was demonstrated. Advantages and disadvantages of the studied techniques are discussed.  相似文献   
55.
General properties of single transversee ± beam polarization asymmetries (cos ? or sin ? azimuthal distributions and their forward-backward asymmetries) are established. These asymmetries are genuine ways of analyzing the structure of chirality violating amplitudes at high energy. Several examples of chirality violating processes are considered and their asymmetries computed. Constraints due tog e ?2,d e andm e are obtained in the form of sum rules and their physical consequences are discussed.  相似文献   
56.
The tripeptide Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA adsorbs reversibly to platinum electrodes. We show how it is possible to determine the coverage of the tripeptide by measuring the electrode capacitance at a single frequency. The frequency dispersion of the electrode admittance fits a mathematical model with only two adjustable parameters. The model is based on a dispersion of time constants for the electrical events taking place at the electrode. Tunnelling is suggested to be a possible cause of such a dispersion.  相似文献   
57.
Theπh9/2[541 1/2?] band in 167Tm has been studied through the 124Sn(48Ca, p4n)167Tm reaction at E beam = 210 MeV. The favoured signature of the πh9/2[541 1/2?] band is observed to spin 61/2h?. A remarkable small gain in aligned angular momentum at the AB-band crossing has been found. The crossing frequency and the gain in aligned angular momentum for 167Tm are compared with data for the N = 98 isotones of Lu, Ta and Re, and contrasted with Cranked Shell Model predictions, based on frequency diabatic configurations. Large deviations are found for the gain in aligned angular momentum.  相似文献   
58.
Recent cranked shell model calculations give a possible explanation for the occurrence of two S-bands in Ba-nuclei.  相似文献   
59.
The collective and non-collective high-spin configurations in selected A ? 80 nuclei are analysed in detail using a shell-correction approach taking care of individual configurations and the pairing self-consistent cranking method with a non-axially-deformed Woods-Saxon potential. Shape transitions, shape coexistence, band-termination effects and alignment processes are discussed.  相似文献   
60.
Once the action for Einstein's equations is rewritten as a functional of anSO(3, ) connection and a conformal factor of the metric, it admits a family of neighbours having the same number of degrees of freedom and a precisely defined metric tensor. This paper analyzes the relation between the Riemann tensor of that metric and the curvature tensor of theSO(3) connection. The relation is very complicated in general. The Einstein case is distinguished by the fact that two naturalSO(3) metrics on theGL(3) fibres coincide. In the general case the theory is bimetric on the fibres.  相似文献   
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