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61.
The synthesis of the retinoid skeleton has been exhaustively explored using the Stille coupling for the formation of the side-chain single bonds. On employing the experimental catalytic conditions developed by Farina [Pd2(dba)3, AsPh3, NMP] we have modified the electronic and steric requirement of the coupling parters, alkenyl stannanes and electrophiles (alkenyl iodides and triflates). The comprehensive survey afforded appropriately matched components for every bond formation considered. Moreover, from the comparison of the reactivities of different coupling partners with different degrees of steric hindrance, the sensitivity of the Stille coupling to steric effects was confirmed. Besides providing a variety of building blocks for retinoid synthesis, the study highlights some trends that might be useful for the application of the Stille reaction to the synthesis of unsubstituted conjugated polyenes. 相似文献
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Hctor Novoa de Armas Oswald M. Peeters Norbert M. Blaton Camiel J. De Ranter Ramn Poms Hernndez Jos L. Mola Carlos Serafín Prez Leticia Surez García Martín A. Iglesias Francisco Coll Manchado 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2000,56(1):78-79
In the title compound, C24H36O6, the ester linkage in ring A is equatorial. The six‐membered rings A, B and C have chair conformations. The five‐membered ring D adopts a 13β,14α‐half‐chair conformation and the E ring adopts an envelope conformation. The A/B, B/C and C/D ring junctions are trans, whereas the D/E junction is cis. 相似文献
65.
González Iglesias H Fernández Sánchez ML García Alonso JI Sanz-Medel A 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,389(3):707-713
A quantitative methodology has been developed to differentiate between endogenous and supplemented selenium in lactating rats
using two enriched selenium isotopes. Lactating rats were fed for 2 weeks with formula milk containing one enriched Se isotope,
77Se, as the metabolic tracer. The isotopic composition of selenium in serum and urine samples was then measured by collision
cell ICP-MS after the addition of a solution containing another enriched isotope, 74Se, as quantitation tracer, before analysis. Isotope pattern deconvolution allowed the transformation of measured Se isotopic
abundances into concentrations of natural abundance (endogenous) selenium and enriched 77Se (supplemented) present in the samples. The proposed methodology was validated using serum and urine reference materials
spiked with both 77Se and 74Se. The obtained results are discussed in terms of selenium exchange and half-life in lactating rats (11–12 days) and selenium
levels in serum in comparison with non-supplemented rats and control rats after maternal feeding. 相似文献
66.
Nicolás Andruskiewitsch Iván Angiono Agustín García Iglesias Akira Masuoka Cristian Vay 《Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra》2014
We develop a strategy to compute all liftings of a Nichols algebra over a finite dimensional cosemisimple Hopf algebra. We produce them as cocycle deformations of the bosonization of these two. In parallel, we study the shape of any such lifting. 相似文献
67.
José A. Iglesias Martin Rumpf Otmar Scherzer 《Foundations of Computational Mathematics》2018,18(4):891-927
A shape sensitive, variational approach for the matching of surfaces considered as thin elastic shells is investigated. The elasticity functional to be minimized takes into account two different types of nonlinear energies: a membrane energy measuring the rate of tangential distortion when deforming the reference shell into the template shell, and a bending energy measuring the bending under the deformation in terms of the change of the shape operators from the undeformed into the deformed configuration. The variational method applies to surfaces described as level sets. It is mathematically well-posed, and an existence proof of an optimal matching deformation is given. The variational model is implemented using a finite element discretization combined with a narrow band approach on an efficient hierarchical grid structure. For the optimization, a regularized nonlinear conjugate gradient scheme and a cascadic multilevel strategy are used. The features of the proposed approach are studied for synthetic test cases and a collection of geometry processing examples. 相似文献
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A semi-analytic model is developed to estimate continuum lowering in dense plasmas including fluctuations. The model is applied to aluminum and compared with recent experiments at the Linac Coherent Light Source [O. Ciricosta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 065002] that reported the ionization potential depression of K-shell electrons in solid density aluminum at temperatures up to 180 eV. The analysis suggests fluctuations, which are neglected in most continuum lowering models but are essential to describe energy absorption by a system, are sufficiently large to impact the interpretation of the experimental results. 相似文献
70.
Carlos A. Iglesias 《High Energy Density Physics》2012,8(3):260-265
The partially resolved transition array (PRTA) model is developed for intermediate coupling. The PRTA model conserves known array properties, yields improved higher moments, systematically accounts for initial level populations, and is computationally efficient compared to detailed line accounting (DLA) methods. Numerical examples show that the PRTA in intermediate coupling reproduces the effects of the electrostatic interaction between spin-orbit split arrays on the spectrum in good agreement with DLA calculations. 相似文献