Preparing hydrogenation catalysts via the simultaneous reduction of graphite oxide and platinum(IV)

The simultaneous reduction of Pt(IV) and graphite oxide is performed for the preparation of hydrogenation catalysts. It is shown that of the four studied reducing agents (formate ion, ethylene glycol, sodium borohydride, and hydrazine), only NaBH₄ and hydrazine can be used in the preparation of catalysts. It is assumed that Pt particles (≥2 nm) are fixed to the defects, vacancies, and functional groups that are formed as a result of reduction. The prepared compositions catalyze the hydrogenation of decene-1 and nitrobenzene (45°C, 1 atm H₂) with specific activities comparable to those in the literature.     

Mechanochemical synthesis and properties of fullerene derivatives

A technique was developed of mechanochemical synthesis of the fullerene C₆₀ water-soluble derivatives. The derivatives obtained were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect the substances obtained on the mechanical properties of the polyvinyl alcohol films was studied. A strengthening effect of fullerene derivatives on the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and tensile deformation of the polyvinyl alcohol films were found to become apparent already at the concentrations of 0.1–0.2 wt %.     

Stevens rearrangement of heterocyclic ammonium salts containing prop-2-yn-1-yl group

Stevens rearrangement was studied of ammonium salts where piperidinium or morpholinium groups are linked to prop-2-yn-1-yl moiety and labile hydrogen atom functions (methoxycarbonylmethyl, phenacyl, cyanomethyl). In the case of phenacyl analog furan derivatives were formed, in other cases dienamines were the reaction products.     

Resonant X-ray scattering study of quadrupole-strain coupling in DyB4

X-ray and neutron scattering studies were performed on DyB4 which exhibits both a quadrupolar ordering and a macroscopic lattice distortion. A forbidden reflection at 7.792 keV near the Dy L3 absorption edge is identified as a quadrupolar ordering peak, and the quadrupolar order and a monoclinic structural distortion develop concomitantly below 12.3 K as second-order-type phase transitions. Coupling between the quadrupolar order and the strain in DyB4 is directly demonstrated by observing that both order parameters are proportional to each other.     

Evaporation of spherical drops in a binary gas mixture at arbitrary Knudsen numbers

The quasisteady evaporation of drops in a binary gas mixture is investigated at arbitrary Knudsen numbers. The analysis is based on the solution of kinetic equations with collision integrals in the Boltzmann form by Lees's method [9]. The obtained solution makes it possible to consider an arbitrary model of intermolecular interactions. Formulas for the evaporation time of the drops are analyzed, the model of rigid elastic spheres being used for the interaction of the molecules.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 1, pp. 112–118, January–February, 1982.     

Amidoalkylation of Phosphorus Trichloride with Acetamide and Functionalized Cyclic Ketones-Evidence of Dominating Role of Side-Reactions

Abstract

The course of the reaction between phosphorus trichloride, acetamide and ethyl oxoalkanecarboxylates was studied in terms of the production of side-products. When ethyl 2-oxocycloalkane- and 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylates were used as substrates, not only mixtures of the expected products—aminophosphonocycloalkanecarboxylic acids and their ethyl esters but also the formation of three side-products, namely 1-aminocycloalkanephosphonic acids (products of decarboxylation of the latter ones) and 1-aminoethane-1,1-diphosphonic and 1-hydroxyethane-1,1diphosphonic acids (products of the reaction of substrate and solvent with phosphonylating agent) were observed. Ethyl 2-oxo-cyclooctanecarboxylate afforded the expected 2-amino-2-pohosphonocyclooctanecarboxylic acid in minute amounts. For comparison reactions of 1-butyloxocarbonyloxopiperidines afforded the desired aminopiperidinephosphonic acids in good yields and without formation of side-products.     

Reflection Induced Voltage Change of Surface Emitting Laser for Optical Probing

We demonstrate a novel optical probing technique using the reflection-induced change in voltage of a GaAs vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). We present the modeling and experiment of the VCSEL based probing. A two-dimensional image probing is successfully demonstrated.     

Collimation Characteristics of Planar Microlens for Parallel Optical Interconnect

We evaluated the collimated beam quality of a planar microlens (PML) for parallel optical interconnect systems. It has been confirmed that the divergence beam from a single mode fiber was collimated by single PML and propagated with good beam quality by about 10 mm, which is the nominal length of microoptics components considered. The divergence beam from a vertical cavity surface emitting laser was collimated using stacked PML and the collimated beam width of 100 μm was obtained. The collimated beam profile was good enough for low loss beam interconnect in a micro-optical bench scheme.