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81.
S. L. Maxwell III 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2006,270(3):651-655
Summary The measurement of radium isotopes in natural waters is important for oceanographic studies and for public health reasons.
Radium-226 (T1/2 = 1620 y) is one of the most toxic of the long-lived alpha-emitters present in the environment due to its long life and its
tendency to concentrate in bones, which increases the internal radiation dose of individuals. The analysis of 226Ra and 228Ra in natural waters can be tedious and time-consuming. Different sample preparation methods are often required to prepare
226Ra and 228Ra for separate analyses. A rapid method has been developed at the Savannah River Environmental Laboratory that effectively
separates both 226Ra and 228Ra (via 228Ac) for assay. This method uses MnO2 Resin from Eichrom Technologies (Darien, IL, USA) to preconcentrate 226Ra and 228Ra rapidly from water samples, along with 133Ba tracer. DGA Resinò (Eichrom) and Ln-Resinò (Eichrom) are employed in tandem to prepare 226Ra for assay by alpha-spectrometry and to determine 228Ra via the measurement of 228Ac by gas proportional counting. After preconcentration, the manganese dioxide is dissolved from the resin and passed through
stacked Ln-Resin-DGA Resin cartridges that remove uranium and thorium interferences and retain 228Ac on DGA Resin. The eluate that passed through this column is evaporated, redissolved in a lower acidity and passed through
Ln-Resin again to further remove interferences before performing a barium sulfate microprecipitation. The 228Ac is stripped from the resin, collected using cerium fluoride microprecipitation and counted by gas proportional counting.
By using vacuum box cartridge technology with rapid flow rates, sample preparation time is minimized. 相似文献
82.
Gabrielle A. Leith Allison M. Rice Brandon J. Yarbrough Anna A. Berseneva Richard T. Ly Charles N. Buck III Dr. Denis Chusov Amy J. Brandt Prof. Dr. Donna A. Chen Benjamin W. Lamm Prof. Dr. Morgan Stefik Kenneth S. Stephenson Dr. Mark D. Smith Prof. Dr. Aaron K. Vannucci Dr. Perry J. Pellechia Prof. Dr. Sophya Garashchuk Prof. Dr. Natalia B. Shustova 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(15):6056-6062
The effect of donor (D)–acceptor (A) alignment on the materials electronic structure was probed for the first time using novel purely organic porous crystalline materials with covalently bound two- and three-dimensional acceptors. The first studies towards estimation of charge transfer rates as a function of acceptor stacking are in line with the experimentally observed drastic, eight-fold conductivity enhancement. The first evaluation of redox behavior of buckyball- or tetracyanoquinodimethane-integrated crystalline was conducted. In parallel with tailoring the D-A alignment responsible for “static” changes in materials properties, an external stimulus was applied for “dynamic” control of the electronic profiles. Overall, the presented D–A strategic design, with stimuli-controlled electronic behavior, redox activity, and modularity could be used as a blueprint for the development of electroactive and conductive multidimensional and multifunctional crystalline porous materials. 相似文献
83.
M. Sc. Christoph Helling Dr. George E. Cutsail III M. Sc. Hanns Weinert Dr. Christoph Wölper Prof. Dr. Stephan Schulz 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(19):7631-7638
We report on the structures of three unprecedented heteroleptic Sb-centered radicals [L(Cl)Ga](R)Sb. ( 2-R , R=B[N(Dip)CH]2 2-B , 2,6-Mes2C6H3 2-C , N(SiMe3)Dip 2-N ) stabilized by one electropositive metal fragment [L(Cl)Ga] (L=HC[C(Me)N(Dip)]2, Dip=2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) and one bulky B- ( 2-B ), C- ( 2-C ), or N-based ( 2-N ) substituent. Compounds 2-R are predominantly metal-centered radicals. Their electronic properties are largely influenced by the electronic nature of the ligands R, and significant delocalization of unpaired-spin density onto the ligands was observed in 2-B and 2-N . Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies showed that 2-B undergoes a quasi-reversible one-electron reduction, which was confirmed by the synthesis of [K([2.2.2]crypt)][L(Cl)GaSbB[N(Dip)CH]2] ([K([2.2.2]crypt)][ 2-B ]) containing the stibanyl anion [ 2-B ]−, which was shown to possess significant Sb−B multiple-bonding character. 相似文献
84.
S. L. Maxwell III 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,275(2):395-402
The analysis of actinides in environmental soil and sediment samples is very important for environmental monitoring. There is a need to measure actinide isotopes with very low detection limits. A new, rapid actinide separation method has been developed and implemented that allows the measurement of plutonium, americium and curium isotopes in large soil samples (100–200 g) with high chemical recoveries and effective removal of matrix interferences. This method uses stacked TEVA Resin®, TRU Resin® and DGA-Resin® cartridges from Eichrom Technologies (Darien, IL, USA) that allows the rapid separation of plutonium (Pu), americium (Am), and curium (Cm) using a single multi-stage column combined with alpha-spectrometry. The method combines an acid leach step and innovative matrix removal using cerium fluoride precipitation to remove the difficult soil matrix. This method is unique in that it provides high tracer recoveries and effective removal of interferences with small extraction chromatography columns instead of large ion-exchange resin columns that generate large amounts of acid waste. By using vacuum box cartridge technology with rapid flow rates, sample preparation time is minimized. 相似文献
85.
C. E. Aalseth F. T. Avignone III R. L. Brodzinski H. S. Miley J. H. Reeves 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1998,233(1-2):119-125
A fast digital oscilloscope based pulse shape discrimination (PSD) system has been tested with intrinsic germanium detectors
large enough to allow ionizing events which generate localized electron-hole pairs at a single site to be segregated from
those depositing energy at several different sites in the crystal. Drift velocities of the electrons and holes result in pulses
several hundred nanoseconds long. Since the electric field varies by almost a factor of 10 between the outer and inner surfaces,
collection of electrons and holes can frequently be dinstinguished, and pulses due to multi-site events can be distinguished
from single site events. 相似文献
86.
Guoliang Li Ioan Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. Bruce King Henry F. Schaefer III 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2010,695(6):804-808
Density functional theory studies on a series of Cp2Co2E2 derivatives (E = S and PX; X = H, Cl, OH, OMe, NH2, NMe2) predict global minimum butterfly structures with one Co-Co bond for the “body” of the butterfly and four Co-E bonds at the edges of the “wings” of the butterfly. Tetrahedrane structures with both Co-Co and E-E bonds are higher in energy for Cp2Co2S2 and Cp2Co2(PH)2 and are not found in the other systems. This differs from the corresponding Fe2(CO)6S2 and Fe2(CO)6(PX)2 derivatives where tetrahedrane structures are predicted to be the lowest energy structures for all cases except X = NR2 and OH and such a tetrahedrane structure is found experimentally for Fe2(CO)6S2. The butterfly structures for the Cp2Co2E2 derivatives are of two types. For Cp2Co2(PX)2 (X = H, OH, OMe, NH2, NMe2) the lowest energy structures are unsymmetrical butterflies Cp2Co2(P)(PX2) with two X groups on one phosphorus atom and a lone pair on the other (naked) phosphorus atom. Related low-energy unsymmetrical butterfly Fe2(CO)6(P)(PX2) structures, not observed in previous theoretical studies, are now found for the corresponding Fe2(CO)6(PX)2 derivatives. Symmetrical butterfly singlet diradical structures with one X group on each phosphorus atom in relative cis or trans positions are also found for the Cp2Co2(PX)2 derivatives and are the global minima for Cp2Co2(PCl)2 as well as Cp2Co2S2. In all cases the cis structures are of lower energy than the corresponding trans structures. Rhombus structures having neither Co-Co nor E-E bonds are also found for all of the Cp2Co2(PX)2 derivatives but always at higher energies than the butterfly structures, ranging from 17 to 29 kcal/mol above the global minima. 相似文献
87.
88.
89.
Jessica K. Gagnon Sean M. Law Charles L. Brooks III 《Journal of computational chemistry》2016,37(8):753-762
Protein‐ligand docking is a commonly used method for lead identification and refinement. While traditional structure‐based docking methods represent the receptor as a rigid body, recent developments have been moving toward the inclusion of protein flexibility. Proteins exist in an interconverting ensemble of conformational states, but effectively and efficiently searching the conformational space available to both the receptor and ligand remains a well‐appreciated computational challenge. To this end, we have developed the Flexible CDOCKER method as an extension of the family of complete docking solutions available within CHARMM. This method integrates atomically detailed side chain flexibility with grid‐based docking methods, maintaining efficiency while allowing the protein and ligand configurations to explore their conformational space simultaneously. This is in contrast to existing approaches that use induced‐fit like sampling, such as Glide or Autodock, where the protein or the ligand space is sampled independently in an iterative fashion. Presented here are developments to the CHARMM docking methodology to incorporate receptor flexibility and improvements to the sampling protocol as demonstrated with re‐docking trials on a subset of the CCDC/Astex set. These developments within CDOCKER achieve docking accuracy competitive with or exceeding the performance of other widely utilized docking programs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
90.