The use of an ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter in turbulent pipe flow

An ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter (UDV) is used for an experimental investigation of turbulent pipe flow at eight different Reynolds numbers (22,300–854,900). The UDV is a multipoint probe in the sense that it takes instantaneous measurements of fluid velocities at different locations simultaneously, with remarkable resolutions in space and time. The performances of the instrument with respect to the properties of the overlap layer of the turbulent flow field are investigated; the experimental results are compared with both already existing and more recently proposed scaling laws, and with other data of experimental nature.     

Features of the Quenching of the Triplet States of Water-Soluble Porphyrins by Molecular Oxygen

Using the methods of time-resolved absorption spectroscopy, we have investigated the features of quenching, by molecular oxygen, of the excited triplet states of water-soluble 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-N-methylpyridyl)-porphyrin (H₂TMPyP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-porphyrin (H₂TSPP) in water–ethanol solutions. It has been revealed that for both compounds the rate constant of quenching of the triplet states increases with increasing viscosity of the medium. Quenching of the excited triplet states of the dissociated (in water) and undissociated (in ethanol) forms of water-soluble porphyrins occurs with a different efficiency, and the rate constant of quenching the triplet states by molecular oxygen k _T thereby is higher for the dissociated form. It has been shown by means of mathematical modeling that the experimental results obtained can be described in terms of the change in the rate constants of intracomplex transitions in the porphyrin–oxygen collisional complex at varied solution viscosity and their difference for the dissociated and undissociated forms of water-soluble porphyrin.     

Marking Games and the Oriented Game Chromatic Number of Partial <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-Trees

 Nešetřil and Sopena introduced the concept of oriented game chromatic number. They asked whether the oriented game chromatic number of partial k-trees was bounded. Here we answer their question positively. Received: January 12, 2001 Final version received: February 25, 2002     

Krylov subspaces and the analytic grade

Typical behaviour of the solution of a linear system of equations obtained iteratively by Krylov methods can be characterized by three stages. Initially the residual diminishes steadily; this is followed by stagnation and finally rapid convergence near the algebraic grade. This study examines this behaviour in terms of the concepts of approximately invariant subspace and what we have called the analytic grade of a Krylov sequence. It is shown how the small Ritz values play a vital role in the convergence and how this knowledge helps in the construction of an effective preconditioner. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Study of Evaporation of Complex Oxide Systems Based on Chromium(III) Oxide

Evaporation of chromium ore and concentrates was studied using high-temperature differential mass-spectrometry. The data obtained, concerning the component vapor pressures in evaporation of complex oxide systems in the range 1700-2100 K, can be used to calculate the evaporation loss in melting and to assess the possibility of utilization of the sublimates formed.     

Reconstruction of the fine structure of an acoustic scatterer against the distorting influence of its large-scale inhomogeneities

In the ultrasonic diagnostics of small-size neoplasms of biological tissues at the earliest stage of their development, an efficient way to eliminate the distorting influence of high-contrast or large inhomogeneities of the biological medium is to apply the iterative technique. A simple approach is proposed, which makes it possible with only two iteration steps to achieve an efficient focusing of the tomograph array. At the first step, the unknown distribution of the large-scale inhomogeneities of sound velocity and absorption over the scatterer is reconstructed, where the large-scale inhomogeneities are those whose size exceeds several wavelengths. At the second step, the fine structure of the scatterer is reconstructed against the large-scale background, which can be performed with a high accuracy owing to the evaluation of the background at the first step. The possibility of simultaneous reconstruction of the large-scale and fine structures by the noniterative Grinevich-Novikov algorithm is considered as an alternative. This algorithm reconstructs in an explicit form two-dimensional refractive-absorbing acoustic scatterers of almost arbitrary shape and strength. Taking into account the effects of multiple scattering, this algorithm provides resolution of the fine structure almost as good as that achieved in reconstructing the same structure against an undistorting homogeneous background. The results of numerical simulations of both algorithms are presented.     

Local adsorption sites and bondlength changes in Ni(1 0 0)/H/CO and Ni(1 0 0)/CO

The local adsorption geometry of CO adsorbed in different states on Ni(1 0 0) and on Ni(1 0 0) precovered with atomic hydrogen has been determined by C 1s (and O 1s) scanned-energy mode photoelectron diffraction, using the photoelectron binding energy changes to characterise the different states. The results confirm previous spectroscopic assignments of local atop and bridge sites both with and without coadsorbed hydrogen. The measured Ni–C bondlengths for the Ni(1 0 0)/CO states show an increase of 0.16 ± 0.04 Å in going from atop to bridge sites, while comparison with similar results for Ni(1 1 1)/CO for threefold coordinated adsorption sites show a further lengthening of the bond by 0.05 ± 0.04 Å. These changes in the Ni–CO chemisorption bondlength with bond order (for approximately constant adsorption energy) are consistent with the standard Pauling rules. However, comparison of CO adsorbed in the atop geometry with and without coadsorbed hydrogen shows that the coadsorption increases the Ni–C bondlength by only 0.06 ± 0.04 Å, despite the decrease in adsorption energy of a factor of 2 or more. This result is also reproduced by density functional theory slab calculations. The results of both the experiments and the density functional theory calculations show that CO adsorption onto the Ni(1 0 0)/H surface is accompanied by significant structural modification; the low desorption energy may then be attributed to the energy cost of this restructuring rather than weak local bonding.     

Gaussian Chaos Laws on Banach Function Spaces

We give a characterization of Gaussian chaos laws on Banach function spaces which do not contain ℓ _∞ ⁿ 's uniformly. The result is applied to describe the convergence in law of U-processes with sample paths in certain Banach function spaces. __________ Published in Lietuvos Matematikos Rinkinys, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 553–566, October–December, 2005.     

Unified analytical evaluation of the two-center coulomb and hybrid integrals over slater-type orbitals

Two-center Coulomb and hybrid integrals are combined into a single expression by use of the formulas given by the author for the expansion of real and complex STO 's about a point displaced from the orbital center. The final results are expressed in terms of the overlap integrals between STO 's. Analytical formulas for the evaluation of these integrals have been established recently by the author.