Pointwise supercloseness of quadratic serendipity block finite elements for a variable coefficient elliptic equation

For a variable coefficient elliptic boundary value problem in three dimensions, using the properties of the interpolation operator of projection type, we derive the weak estimate of the first type for the quadratic serendipity block finite element. In addition, the estimate for the W^1,1 ‐seminorm of the discrete derivative Green's function is given. Finally, we prove that the derivatives of the finite element approximation and the corresponding interpolant of projection type are superclose in the pointwise sense of the L^∞ ‐norm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 27: 1253‐1261, 2011     

Strong two-photon-induced fluorescence from a highly soluble polythiophene

Two-photon-induced fluorescence from a soluble polythiophene containing urethane side groups has been investigated using femto-second laser pulses at 800 nm. Strong two-photon fluorescence was measured in polymer solution. The quadratic dependence of the fluorescence on the excitation laser intensity confirmed the two-photon process. The measured two-photon absorption cross-section is larger as compared to those of other reported polythiophenes. This polymer can be readily hydrolyzed to yield a water soluble polythiophene which could be useful in biological imaging.     

Coherent control of two nuclear spins using the anisotropic hyperfine interaction

We demonstrate coherent control of two nuclear spins mediated by the magnetic resonance of a hyperfine-coupled electron spin. This control is used to create a double-nuclear coherence in one of the two electron spin manifolds, starting from an initial thermal state, in direct analogy to the creation of an entangled (Bell) state from an initially pure unentangled state. We identify challenges and potential solutions to obtaining experimental gate fidelities useful for quantum information processing in this type of system.     

L波段低温限幅器的研制

介绍了L波段低温限幅器的设计和分析,并给出了测试结果.该限幅器具有插入损耗小、驻波低、限幅电平低及体积小等特点.在12K,限幅器插入损耗小于0.2dB,端口驻波比小于1.25,限幅性能较好.     

缪子多模态成像图像质量分析

缪子多模态成像有效利用了宇宙线缪子与材料相互作用产生的散射信息以及产生次级诱发中子的缪子信息.为对缪子多模态成像图像质量进行分析,基于GEANT4程序设置了探测模型,从缪子多重库仑散射模块和缪子诱发中子模块两部分对探测模型可靠性进行了验证,开发了缪子多模态成像模拟程序,得到了重建图像.成像12 h可达到4 mm的空间分辨率,成像时间在小时量级可清晰分辨边长10 cm的²³⁵U立方体和其他常见的高、中、低原子序数材料立方体.经过12 h成像时间,包覆模型的缪子散射成像图像会造成误判,但缪子多模态成像图像能够正确反映²³⁵U材料存在.不同成像时间内,缪子多模态成像图像的结构相似性指标均优于单一成像方法成像图像.研究结果表明与缪子散射成像图像和诱发中子符合的缪子成像图像相比,缪子多模态成像图像有更好的成像质量,能够适应更复杂的成像场景,在特殊核材料的检测识别方面更有优势.     

Analysis of correlation between electrical and infrared optical properties of anatase Nb doped TiO2 films

Optical and electrical analysis are required to clarify infrared reflection behavior of anatase Nb doped TiO₂ (NTO) films, a novel transparent conductive oxide (TCO). In this paper, UV–vis-near infrared transmission spectrum, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) reflection and ellipsometry analysis are conducted on anatase NTO films (Nb doping concentration: 6, 4 and 2 at%) deposited by pulse laser deposition (PLD). NTO samples show good transparency from 400 nm to 1000 nm, but no obvious plasmon induced high IR reflection even when wavelength >3000 nm. Assuming inhomogeneous resistivity (ρ) and mean scattering time (τ) along film thickness, dielectric constants (ε_r, ε_i) and optical constants (n, k) are extracted by fitting spectroscopic ellipsometry using Code-Lorentz (CL) & Drude exponential model. It is shown that unique optical constants and small τ (1.1–2.6 fs) intrinsically prevent NTO to be high infrared reflective TCO.     

Direct ab initio dynamics study of rate constants and kinetic isotope effects for C2(A3Π u ) + CH3OH reaction

The hydrogen abstraction of CH₃OH by C₂ (A³Π _u ) has been investigated by direct ab initio dynamics over a wide temperature range 200–3000?K. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) have been constructed at the UCCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//UMP2/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory. Two different hydrogen abstractions on the methyl and hydroxyl sites of methanol are considered. For the methyl H-abstraction, it is essentially a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), whereas the hydroxyl site H-abstraction is better described as a proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) according to the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. The results suggest that the methyl site reaction is dominant, and the calculated rate constants are roughly consistent with available experimental values. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) analysis reveals a substantial normal isotope effect in the methyl H-abstraction process, while normal and inverse KIEs coexist in the hydroxyl H-abstraction channel. Furthermore, the three and four–parameter expressions of Arrhenius rate constants are also provided within 200–3000?K.     

Reflective phase shift measurement of the Mo/Si multilayer mirror in extreme ultraviolet region

The reflective phase shift of multilayer mirror is one important property required in EUV lithography and attosecond pulses experiments. The reflective phase shift of the periodic Mo/Si multilayer mirror was characterized by combining the reflectivity with total electron yield signal at the synchrotron radiation in Hefei. The multilayer was fabricated using direct current magnetic sputtering method. Using the wavelet transform approach, the period and each layer thickness were obtained, the small angle X-ray reflective data from X-ray diffractometer were fitted using these data as the mutilayer's initial structure. The TEY signal of the multilayer is coincided with the surface electron field of the multilayer. A thick Si layer was used to eliminate the effect of the multilayer's surface layer on the TEY signal. The retrieved difference in reflected phase from the incident phase was obtained combining the reflectivity with the total electron yield signal and it is similar with the calculated phase shift of the multilayer.     

Flow and Heat Transfer in Rough Micro Steel Tubes

Abstract

This article investigates the flow and heat transfer characteristics in micro steel tubes with inner diameters of 168 μm, 399 μm and relative roughness of 3.5% and 2.7%, respectively, by measuring the friction factors and the Nusselt number from laminar state to transitional state. Experiments show that the experimental Nusselt numbers are less than those predicted by the classical laminar correlation due to the effect of the variation of the thermophysical properties with temperature when Reynolds number is low. As the Reynolds number is higher than 800, the experimental Nusselt number are 25–50% higher than the predictions of the classical laminar and transitional correlations due to the effects of the roughness and the entrance length. The transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs at the Reynolds number of 1,100–1,500.