Rate of Convergence for the Absolutely (C, α) Summable Fourier Series of Functions of Bounded Variation

A theorem of Bosanquet states that the Fourier series of a 2π-periodic function of bounded variation is absolutely (C, α) summable. In this paper we give a quantitative version of Bosanquet's result.     

Rapid screening and characterization of drug metabolites using a multiple ion monitoring-dependent MS/MS acquisition method on a hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer

A novel LC/MS/MS method that uses multiple ion monitoring (MIM) as a survey scan to trigger the acquisition of enhanced product ions (EPI) on a hybrid quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer (Q TRAP) was developed for drug metabolite identification. In the MIM experiment, multiple predicted metabolite ions were monitored in both Q1 and Q3. The collision energy in Q2 was set to a low value to minimize fragmentation. Results from analyzing ritonavir metabolites in rat hepatocytes demonstrate that MIM-EPI was capable of targeting a larger number of metabolites regardless of their fragmentation and retained sensitivity and duty cycle similar to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-EPI. MIM-based scanning methods were shown to be particularly useful in several applications. First, MIM-EPI enabled the sensitive detection and MS/MS acquisition of up to 100 predicted metabolites. Second, MIM-MRM-EPI was better than MRM-EPI in the analysis of metabolites that undergo either predictable or unpredictable fragmentation pathways. Finally, a combination of MIM-EPI and full-scan MS (EMS), as an alternative to EMS-EPI, was well suited for routine in vitro metabolite profiling. Overall, MIM-EPI significantly enhanced the metabolite identification capability of the hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap LC/MS.     

Opti-Chromic dosimeters for low-dose applications (0.1 Gy to 10 kGy)

Opti-chromic dosimeters have been developed which measure absorbed doses to as low as 0.1 Gy. These detectors consists of a radiation sensitive solution contained in fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP) tubing by borosilicate beads. Three formulations are presented, covering a range of absorbed doses from 0.1 to 3000 Gy.     

Separable Banach space theory needs strong set existence axioms

We investigate the strength of set existence axioms needed for separable Banach space theory. We show that a very strong axiom, comprehension, is needed to prove such basic facts as the existence of the weak- closure of any norm-closed subspace of . This is in contrast to earlier work in which theorems of separable Banach space theory were proved in very weak subsystems of second order arithmetic, subsystems which are conservative over Primitive Recursive Arithmetic for sentences. En route to our main results, we prove the Krein-\v{S}mulian theorem in , and we give a new, elementary proof of a result of McGehee on weak- sequential closure ordinals.

     

Total synthesis of the strychnos alkaloid (+)-minfiensine: tandem enantioselective intramolecular Heck-iminium ion cyclization

A 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9a,4a-(iminoethano)-9H-carbazole (4) is a central structural feature of the Strychnos alkaloid minfiensine (1) and akuammiline alkaloids such as vincorine (5) and echitamine (6). A cascade catalytic asymmetric Heck-iminium cyclization was developed that rapidly provides 3,4-dihydro-9a,4a-(iminoethano)-9H-carbazoles in high enantiomeric purity. Two sequences were developed for advancing 3,4-dihydro-9a,4a-(iminoethano)-9H-carbazole 27 to (+)-minfiensine. In our first-generation approach, a reductive Heck cyclization was employed to form the fifth ring of (+)-minfiensine. In a second more concise total synthesis, an intramolecular palladium-catalyzed ketone enolate vinyl iodide coupling was employed to construct the final ring of (+)-minfiensine. This second-generation total synthesis of enantiopure (+)-minfiensine was accomplished in 6.5% overall yield and 15 steps from 1,2-cyclohexanedione and anisidine 13. A distinctive feature of this sequence is the use of palladium-catalyzed reactions to form all carbon-carbon bonds in the transformation of these simple precursors to (+)-minfiensine.     

用于Ⅲ族氮化物生长的紧配合喷淋头反应器

在紫外和可见光电子器件、高温电子学器件、冷阴极和太阳防护探测器的应用中,Ⅲ族氮化物是一类重要的材料.近年来,氮化物基的LED的制备成功,具有提供白光照明代替白炽灯和荧光灯的潜在能力.人们对用MOCVD方法生长GaN基材料的兴趣日益高涨,特别是对多片、均匀生长的大尺寸反应器的要求日益迫切.本文概述了紧配合喷淋头反应器的设计思想和其特性.结合Ⅲ族氮化物生长对设备的相关要求,给出了这种设备运行的一些结果.这些结果表明,这种紧配合喷淋头反应器很适合在研究和产品生产中的GaN基材料结构的生长.     

The stability margin on EAST tokamak

The experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) is the first full superconducting tokamak with a D-shaped cross-sectional plasma presently in operation. Its poloidal coils are relatively far from the plasma due to the necessary thermal isolation from the superconducting magnets, which leads to relatively weaker coupling between plasma and poloidal field. This may cause more di?culties in controlling the vertical instability by using the poloidal coils. The measured growth rates of vertical stability are compared with theoretical calculations, based on a rigid plasma model. Poloidal beta and internal inductance are varied to investigate their effects on the stability margin by changing the values of parameters αn and γn(Howl et al 1992 Phys. Fluids B 4 1724), with plasma shape fixed to be a configuration with k = 1.9 and δ = 0.5. A number of ways of studying the stability margin are investigated. Among them, changing the values of parameters κ and li is shown to be the most effective way to increase the stability margin. Finally, a guideline of stability margin Ms(κ,li,A) to a new discharge scenario showing whether plasmas can be stabilized is also presented in this paper.