The goal of this study was to determine if there are acoustical differences between male and female voices, and if there are, where exactly do these differences lie. Extended speech samples were used. The recorded readings of a text by 31 women and by 24 men were analyzed by means of the Long-term Spectrum (LTAS), extracting the amplitude values (in decibels) at intervals of 160 Hz over a range of 8 kHz. The results showed a significant difference between genders, as well as an interaction of gender and frequency level. The female voice showed greater levels of aspiration noise, located in the spectral regions corresponding to the third formant, which causes the female voice to have a more “breathy” quality than the male voice. The lower spectral tilt in the women's voices is another consequence of this presence of greater aspiration noise. 相似文献
Photonic band gap (PBG) crystals have been used as a perfectly reflecting substrate for many millimeter wave applications.
In this work the fin line directional coupler with substrate PBG was analyzed using the TTL - Transverse Transmission Line
- method. Compared to other full wave methods the TTL is an efficient tool to determine the coupler characteristics, making
possible a significant algebraic simplification of the equations involved in the process. In order to analyze this structure
the effective dielectric constant, the attenuation constant and the coupling were determined. The results obtained for this
application and the conclusions are presented.
This work was partially financed by CNPQ. 相似文献
In this paper we describe efficient methods to obtain the stationary states of linear and nonlinear photonic systems, which
have gained particular interest in the field of integrated and nonlinear optics. While the methods presented are directly
applicable to optical physics, they are also general and should be of interest in a broad range of phenomena presently under
study in other areas of physics and engineering. The strategy consists in combining the use of classical methods, such as
inverse iteration or the Newton method, together with modern, nonstationary linear solvers, such as SYMMLQ or GMRES, in order
to obtain efficient numerical computations to problems involving large matrices. We have selected several example problems
in order to discuss the practical implementation details, not normally described in the present literature. Moreover, the
problems we have selected provide a backdrop to contrast and motivate the use of different methods for systems which are symmetric
and non-symmetric, single and multi-component, and also real and complex. Information relative to numerical performance of
the different algorithms, including a survey for a nonsymmetric problem, which requires the adjustment of a restarting parameter
for the GMRES algorithm, is also presented. 相似文献
A novel application of TOPological Substructural MOlecular DEsign (TOPS-MODE) was carried out in antibacterial drugs using computer-aided molecular design. Two series of compounds, one containing antibacterial and the other containing non-antibacterial compounds, were processed by a k-means cluster analysis in order to design training and predicting series. All clusters had a p-level < 0.005. Afterward, a linear classification function has been derived toward discrimination between antibacterial and non-antibacterial compounds. The model correctly classifies 94% of active and 86% of inactive compounds in the training series. More specifically, the model showed a global good classification of 91%, i.e., 263 cases out of 289. In predicting series, the model has shown overall predictabilities of 91 and 83% for active and inactive compounds, respectively. Thereby, the model has a global percentage of good classification of 89%. The TOPS-MODE approach, also, similarly compares with respect to one of the most useful models for antimicrobials selection reported to date. 相似文献
The encapsulation of ReO(x) within ReS(2) inorganic fullerene-like cages is described for the first time. The encapsulate was prepared by the sulfidization of both hand-milled and ball-milled samples of ReO(2); partial conversion of the oxide to the sulfide was achieved with the degree of sulfidization depending on the exposure to the sulfidizing agent, H(2)S. 相似文献
A possible scenario of the Lorentz symmetry violation is discussed based on the arising of geometric quantum phases yielded by the effects of the Lorentz symmetry violation in the CPT‐even gauge sector of Standard Model Extension. Analogues of the Anandan quantum phase and the scalar Aharonov‐Bohm effect for a neutral particle [J. Anandan, Phys. Lett. A 138 , 347 (1989)] are obtained from the parity‐odd sector of the tensor . Moreover, we build quantum holonomies associated with the analogue of the Anandan quantum phase and discuss a possible analogy with the geometric quantum computation [A. Ekert et al., J. Mod. Opt. 47 , 2501 (2000)].