新型氧离子导体La2Mo1.8Ga0.2O9陶瓷的合成及其电性能

通过高温固相合成法首次合成了La₂Mo_1.8Ga_0.2O₉陶瓷样品. 粉末XRD结果表明, 该样品为单一立方相La₂Mo₂O₉结构. 以陶瓷样品为固体电解质、多孔性铂为电极, 采用交流阻抗谱、气体浓差电池、氧泵等方法研究了样品在600～1000 ℃下各种气氛中的离子导电特性. 结果表明, 氧浓差电池电动势的实测值与理论值吻合得很好, 氧离子迁移数为1, 表明该陶瓷样品在该温度下氧气气氛中为一纯氧离子导体; 氧泵(氧的电化学透过)实验结果进一步证实了该样品在氧气气氛中为一纯氧离子导体; 在氧分压p(O₂)＝10^－5～10⁵ Pa的高氧分压气氛中, 电导率与氧分压变化基本无关, 表明在该氧分压范围内样品为纯离子导体, 这与氧浓差电池电动势测定结果相吻合; 在低氧分压为10^－5～10^－15 Pa范围内, 总电导率随氧分压降低而稍有升高, 表明在该氧分压范围样品为氧离子与电子的混合导体; 在600～1000 ℃下氧离子电导率＞10^－2 S•cm^－1, 显著高于母体La₂Mo₂O₉的氧离子电导率, 1000 ℃时的氧离子电导率为0.07 S•cm^－1.     

PA.FPNS: its synthesis and use in spectrophotometric determination of magnesium

A new polymeric chromogenic reagent PA.FPNS has been synthesized by condensing polyallylamine (PA) with 3-(4-formylphenylazo)-4,5-dihydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid (FPNS) and its properties studied. In alkaline media, PA.FPNS reacts with magnesium to form a water-soluble blue complex, whose absorption maximum is at 604 nm. The molar absorptivity (varepsilon) of the complex is 5.2 x 10(4)l mol(-1) cm(-1), which is four times that of the FPNS-Mg complex, and Beer's law is obeyed over the range 0-0.35 mug ml(-1) magnesium. Compared to the corresponding low-molecular-weight FPNS and other chromogenic reagents, PA.FPNS offers considerably improved sensitivity and selectivity for magnesium, which may be attributed to incorporating FPNS into a water-soluble polymer and the effect of the polymeric chain on the reaction microenvironment. Also, a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of magnesium has been developed and applied to water and human fluid samples with satisfactory results.     

Oligodeoxyribonucleotide analogues with bridging dimethylene sulfide,sulfoxide, and sulfone groups. Toward a second-generation model of nucleic acid structure

Short DNA analogues with bridging dimethylene sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone groups replacing the phosphate diesters (S-DNAs) were synthesized from building blocks prepared via two routes, both starting from D-glucose. Building blocks for RNA analogues were prepared by stereoselective introduction of nucleobase into a 2'-acylated ribose analogue. The ribose analogues were converted to deoxyribose analogues by replacement of a 3'-OH group by a thioacetyl unit, followed by photolytic deoxygenation or radical-based 2'-deoxygenation. DNA analogues joined via CH(2)(-)S-CH(2) units were prepared by S(N)2 displacement of a 6'-mesyl group on one building block using a thiolate nucleophile of another. 4,4'-Dimethoxytrityl protection and deprotection schemes were established for both the thiol and hydroxyl groups. The corresponding sulfoxide DNA analogues were obtained by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. Sulfone DNA analogues were obtained by oxidation of the sulfide DNA with persulfate or hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a titanium silicate catalyst. The physical properties of several representative oligonucleotide analogues were examined, and interpreted in light of a "second-generation" model for DNA strand-strand recognition, a model that emphasizes the role of the polyanionic backbone in diminishing unwanted tendencies of highly functionalized molecules to form "structure" in solution. Even short sulfide-linked DNA analogues displayed association properties different from those displayed by standard DNA molecules. Complex formation observed with sulfide-linked tetramers by HPLC study in different solvents suggested that the complex is formed using hydrogen bonding. Sulfone-linked dinucleotides display Watson-Crick behavior; the tetramer, however, displayed self-structure. Self-structure and self-aggregation become more prominent as the length of the oligonucleotide analogues increases. The tendency to self-aggregate can be decreased by adding a charged sulfonate group to the 3'-end of the DNA analogue. Features of the second-generation model are important for many areas of nucleic acid chemistry, from the design of nucleic acid therapeutic agents to the search for life on other planets.     

Synthesis and photophysics of one mononuclear Mn(III) and one dinuclear Mn(III,III) complex covalently linked to a ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridyl) complex

The preparation of donor (D)-photosensitizer (S) arrays, consisting of a manganese complex as D and a ruthenium tris(bipyridyl) complex as S has been pursued. Two new ruthenium complexes containing coordinating sites for one (2a) and two manganese ions (3a) were prepared in order to provide models for the donor side of photosystem II in green plants. The manganese coordinating site consists of bridging and terminal phenolate as well as terminal pyridyl ligands. The corresponding ruthenium-manganese complexes, a manganese monomer 2b and dimer 3b, were obtained. For the dimer 3b, our data suggest that intramolecular electron transfer from manganese to photogenerated ruthenium(III) is fast, k(ET) > 5 x 10(7) s(-)(1).     

Atomic radical—molecule reactions F + CH<Subscript>3</Subscript>C≡CH: mechanistic study

The reaction of atomic radical F with propyne has been studied theoretically using ab initio quantum chemistry methods and transition state theory. The potential energy surface was calculated at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ (single-point) level using the UMP2/6-311++G(d,p) optimized structures. Two reaction mechanisms including the addition–isomerization–elimination reaction mechanism and the directed hydrogen abstraction reaction mechanism are considered. For the hydrogen abstraction reactions, i.e., the most probable evolution pathway in the title reaction, the HF formation occurs via direct abstraction mechanism dominantly and the H atom picked up by the atomic radical F should come mostly from the methyl group of normal propyne. On the other hand, for the addition–isomerization–elimination mechanism, the most feasible pathway should be the atomic radical F attacking on the C≡C triple bond in propyne (CH₃C≡CH) to form a weakly-bound adduct A1 with no barrier, followed by F addition to the C≡C triple bond to form the low-lying intermediate isomer 5. Subsequently, isomer 5 directly dissociates to P3 H₂CCCHF + H via transition state TS₅/P3. The other reaction pathways on the doublet PES are less competitive due to thermodynamical or kinetic factors. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the kinetics of all channels through which the addition and abstraction reaction proceed, we expect that the competitive power of reaction channels may vary with experimental conditions for the title reaction. The present work will provide useful information for understanding the processes of atomic radical F reaction with other unsaturated hydrocarbons. This material is available from author via E-mail.     

Selective determination of uric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid using a penicillamine self-assembled gold electrode

The electrochemical behaviors of uric acid (UA) at the penicillamine (Pen) self-assembled monolayers modified gold electrode (Pen/Au) have been studied. The Pen/Au electrode is demonstrated to promote the electrochemical response of UA by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The diffusion coefficient D of UA is 6.97 × 10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹. In differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) measurements, the Pen/Au electrode can separate the UA and ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation potentials by about 120 mV and can be used for the selective determination of UA in the presence of AA. The detection limit was 1 × 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹. The modified electrode shows excellent sensitivity, good selectivity and antifouling properties.     

Synthesis and characterization of three tetranuclear clusters containing a [Mo3OS3Sn]6+ cubane-like core

Three heterometallic cubane-like clusters, [Mo3(mu 3-O)(mu 3-S)3(SnCl3)(dtp)3(py)3] (dtp = S2P(OC2H5)2-, py = C5H5N) (1), (PPN)[Mo3(mu 3-O)(mu 3-S)3(SnCl3)(dtp)3(mu-OAc)(py)] (OAc = CH3COO-, PPN = (C6H5)3PNP(C6H5)3+) (2), and (Et4N)[Mo3(mu 3-O)(mu 3-S)3(SnCl3)(dtp)2(mu-OAc)2(py)] (3) have been prepared by the reaction of [Mo3(mu 3-O)-(mu-S)3(dtp)4(H2O)] (4), [Mo3(mu 3-O)(mu-S)3(dtp)3(OAc) (py)] (5), and [Mo3(mu 3-O)(mu-S)3(dtp)2(OAc)2 (py)] (6) with SnCl2, respectively. They have been characterized by IR, UV-vis, 31P NMR, 95Mo NMR, and X-ray structure analysis. All of these heterometallic clusters have a [Mo3OS3Sn]6+ core but contain a different arrangement of peripheral ligands. As far as the neutral cluster 1 is concerned, there is no bridging OAc ligand, while only one bridging OAc ligand is observed for cluster 2 and two are for cluster 3. The Mo-Mo distances are about 0.03-0.04 A shorter than those of the starting trimolybdenum clusters. This indicates that the incorporation of SnCl3- fragment into (Mo3) clusters makes the Mo-Mo bonding enhanced. Crystal data for 1: triclinic, space group P-1, a = 10.7423(2) A, b = 14.0357(1) A, c = 16.9346(2) A, alpha = 84.054(1) degrees, beta = 87.095(1) degrees, gamma = 84.517(1) degrees, V = 2525.82(6) A3, Z = 2, R = 0.038 for 5584 reflections (I > 2.0 sigma(I)). Crystal data for 2: triclinic, space group P-1, a = 12.9529(1) A, b = 15.6324(2) A, c = 19.6355(1) A, alpha = 92.083(1) degrees, beta = 97.908(1) degrees, gamma = 110.337(1) degrees, V = 3677.41(6) A3, Z = 2, R = 0.034 for 8665 reflections (I > 2.0 sigma(I)). Crystal data for 3: monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 14.0852(5) A, b = 15.1324(5) A, c = 23.2691(7) A, beta = 97.371(1) degrees, V = 4918.7(3) A3, Z = 4, R = 0.049 for 4970 reflections (I > 2.0 sigma(I)).     

Novel dual inhibitors against FP-2 and PfDHFR as potential antimalarial agents: Design,synthesis and biological evaluation

A series of novel 2,4-diaminopyrimidine-modified compounds was designed and synthesized. Compound 14 showed micromolar dual inhibitory effect on both FP-2 and PfDHFR, and potential inhibition to the proliferation of P. falciparum 3D7 strain and chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum Dd2 strain.     

Ultrafine molybdenum carbide nanoparticles supported on nitrogen doped carbon nanosheets for hydrogen evolution reaction

Nitrogen doped carbon nanosheets supported molybdenum carbides nanoparticles (Mo_xC/NCS) have been synthesized by tuning the mass ratio of melamine and ammonia molybdate. The Mo₂C/NCS-10 exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance and stability for HER, which was attributed to N-doped carbon nanosheets, small particle size, mesoporous structure, and large electrochemical active surface area.     

Simultaneous extraction of organotin, organolead and organomercury species from soils and litter

Extracting organotin compounds (OTC) from soils is difficult due to the high cation exchange and complexation capacity of soils, and little information about OTC in soils is available. In this study, a new extraction method, combining 1 M CaCl₂, 0.1% tropolone, and glacial acetic acid was developed. Recoveries of mono-substituted OTC from spiked plant litter, and soil samples were improved substantially to 40% compared to classical glacial acetic acid extraction commonly used in sedimentology, yielding <10% recovery in C-rich soil samples. Simultaneously, the recovery of other OTC, trimethyllead and monomethylmercury was satisfactory. The recoveries of most species from the spiked litter, upland and wetland soils exceeded 70%. The new method extracted much more organometallics from unspiked organic soils and litter than microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extraction and accelerated solvent extraction, most likely due to exchange of organometallics from the solid phase by Ca²⁺. The method is simple, highly efficient and with low contamination. Together with GC-ICP-mass spectrometry, the method allows the detection of these organometallics in the pg g⁻¹ range and it is particularly suitable for soil and plant materials with low organometallics contents.