全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11622篇 |
免费 | 1910篇 |
国内免费 | 2038篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 9675篇 |
晶体学 | 186篇 |
力学 | 575篇 |
综合类 | 144篇 |
数学 | 1376篇 |
物理学 | 3614篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 117篇 |
2022年 | 308篇 |
2021年 | 287篇 |
2020年 | 351篇 |
2019年 | 445篇 |
2018年 | 351篇 |
2017年 | 357篇 |
2016年 | 508篇 |
2015年 | 584篇 |
2014年 | 682篇 |
2013年 | 884篇 |
2012年 | 1094篇 |
2011年 | 1065篇 |
2010年 | 801篇 |
2009年 | 802篇 |
2008年 | 913篇 |
2007年 | 798篇 |
2006年 | 697篇 |
2005年 | 701篇 |
2004年 | 597篇 |
2003年 | 431篇 |
2002年 | 500篇 |
2001年 | 392篇 |
2000年 | 303篇 |
1999年 | 229篇 |
1998年 | 206篇 |
1997年 | 171篇 |
1996年 | 155篇 |
1995年 | 116篇 |
1994年 | 133篇 |
1993年 | 108篇 |
1992年 | 81篇 |
1991年 | 77篇 |
1990年 | 79篇 |
1989年 | 43篇 |
1988年 | 41篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 38篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1939年 | 1篇 |
1936年 | 7篇 |
1935年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
961.
大学化学实验电势-pH曲线测定中采用的电极反应S 2H 2e-=H2S(g)的电极电势表达式有误,导致所绘制的电势-pH曲线与教科书要求不符;没有给出电极反应FeY- e-= FeY2-的标准电极电势φθ,易使学生误将电极反应Fe3 e-=Fe2 的φθ=0.771V作为电极反应FeY- e-= FeY2-的φθ;仅从两个电极反应电极电势的差值来确定脱硫氧化-还原反应的最佳pH范围不够全面,应结合溶液中络合物的稳定性、液相催化湿法脱硫原理、脱硫溶液pH对H2S吸收反应的影响、对再生反应的影响和脱硫过程的经济性等多方面考虑,使学生有全面综合的认识. 相似文献
962.
提出了求解参数识别反问题的同伦正则化方法,给出了相应的收敛性定理.数值结果表明该方法是一种快速的大范围收敛方法. 相似文献
963.
Weizhong He Yajuan Zhu Yan Chen Qi Shen Zhenyu Hua Xian Wang Peng Xue 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(5)
Hydrogel antibacterial agent is an ideal antibacterial material because of its ability to diffuse antibacterial molecules into the decayed area by providing a suitable microenvironment and acting as a protective barrier on the decay interface. The biocompatibility and biodegradation make the removal process easy and it is already widely used in medical fields. However, there have been few reports on its application for controlling postharvest diseases in fruit. In this study, the Chitosan–silver (CS–Ag) complex hydrogels were prepared using the physical crosslinking method, which is used for controlling postharvest diseases in grape. The prepared hydrogels were stable for a long period at room temperature. The structure and surface morphology of CS–Ag composite hydrogels were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The inhibitory effects of CS–Ag hydrogel on disease in grape caused by P. expansum, A. niger, and B. cinerea were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. The remarkable antibacterial activity of CS–Ag hydrogels was mainly due to the combined antibacterial and antioxidant effects of CS and Ag. Preservation tests showed that the CS–Ag hydrogel had positive fresh-keeping effect. This revealed that CS–Ag hydrogels can play a critical role in controlling fungal disease in grapes. 相似文献
964.
全内反射荧光显微镜技术是当今最灵敏的生物成像和检测方法之一,可以直接探测单个荧光分子。这种方法已成功地用于生命科学、化学、物理学等研究领域,获得了常规方法无法得到的重要信息。本文介绍了全内反射荧光显微镜的工作原理和实验技术,总结了近年来这种单分子检测方法在生命科学、化学等领域的重要应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
965.
966.
Lijun Cai Sarina Macfadyen Baozhen Hua Haochuan Zhang Wei Xu Yonglin Ren 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(6)
Monitoring and early detection of stored-grain insect infestation is essential to implement timely and effective pest management decisions to protect stored grains. We report a reliable analytical procedure based on headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to assess stored-grain infestation through the detection of volatile compounds emitted by insects. Four different fibre coatings were assessed; 85 µm CAR/PDMS had optimal efficiency in the extraction of analytes from wheat. The headspace profiles of volatile compounds produced by Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius), and Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus), either alone or with wheat, were compared with those of non-infested wheat grains. Qualitative analysis of chromatograms showed the presence of different volatile compound profiles in wheat with pest infestation compared with the wheat controls. Wheat-specific and insect-specific volatile compounds were identified, including the aggregation pheromones, dominicalure-1 and dominicalure-2, from R. dominica, and benzoquinones homologs from T. castaneum. For the first time, the presence of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone was reported from S. granarius, which might function as an alarm pheromone. These identified candidate biomarker compounds can be utilized in insect surveillance and monitoring in stored grain to safeguard our grain products in future. 相似文献
967.
Three hydrogen bonding complexes of the gauche‐1PA dimer (GG), trans‐1PA dimer (TT) and mixed dimer (GT) have been calculated for the geometry conformations and excited‐state energies. The electron distribution at the site of C‐O of H‐donor moiety in HOMO transfers to the direction of O‐H of H‐acceptor moiety in LUMO. The hydrogen bond between two 1PAs is the bridge of the intermolecular charge transfer. By the Zhao and Han's excited‐state hydrogen bonding dynamics rule, the first excited‐state hydrogen bonding change has been discussed without optimizing the excited‐state geometry conformations. According to the distinct difference between GT and GG (TT), we concluded that two gauche‐1PA monomers of one dimer are transformed at the same time to two trans‐1PA monomers. 相似文献
968.
Yong Yang Su Zhi Ming Li Hong Bo Dong Guo Qing Zhou Li Hua Zhai Jiang Xu 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(5):473-483
An ambient aerosol concentration enrichment system coupled with ICP-MS for real-time monitoring of airborne radioactive particles is now under development. ICP-MS is very sensitive to sample introduction conditions, so it is necessary to develop an easy-use calibration method for on-line quantitative analysis in field application. In this paper, a calibration method using standard solution instead of monodisperse particles was established and validated preliminarily. First of all, four parameters for the method were determined experimentally, including: uptake flow rate and nebulisation efficiency of the Microconcentric nebuliser, nebulisation/transport efficiency of Aridus Desolvating Sample Introduction System, and Relative Sensitivity Factor between 159?Tb and 174?Yb. Then, monodisperse terbium nitrate particles were generated by a commercial Vibrating Orifice Aerosol Generator. Continuous aerosols of ytterbium nitrate droplets were nebulised from standard solution. They were mixed together, desolvated through the membrane dryer and introduced into ICP-MS for on-line analysis of terbium nitrate particles. The air sampled from nuclear environment was also introduced into ICP-MS to investigate the effect of flow rate on instrument responses. Finally, atom numbers of 159?Tb in discrete terbium nitrate particles were determined using the calibration method and compared to the calculated value. Results show that when air flow rate increase from 10?mL?min?1 to 100?mL?min?1, the ratio of 159?Tb ion count to 174?Yb ion intensity keeps constant although instrument sensitivity decreases by a factor of 25. The relative standard deviation of 159?Tb atom number measured is better than 18%. The discrepancy with the calculated value could be attributed to the over-estimation of atom number in the particles generated by VOAG because there was some liquid leakage in the VOAG. 相似文献
969.
The long pulse operation of ultraviolet (UV) laser attributed to multi-reflection is presented on an acousto-optic (AO) Q-switched
ultraviolet laser system blocking green light inside a cavity. The ultraviolet laser with the highest average power of 456
mW is obtained with 20 kHz repetition-rate. The numerical simulation of UV pulse broadening was studied using Gaussian curve
approximation. The conclusion suggests that the short multi-reflected cavity and high incident pump power will be beneficial
to alleviate the width broadening effect. The results, for the first time, would provide the technology for controlling the
pulse width of an AO Q-switched DUV laser. 相似文献