The isotopic compositions of carbon compounds in landfill leachate provide insights into the biodegradation pathways that dominate the different stages of waste decomposition. In this study, the carbon geochemistry of different carbon pools, environmental stable isotopes and compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of leachate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fractions and gases show distinctions in leachate biogeochemistry and methane production between the young area of active waste emplacement and the old area of historical emplacement at the Trail Road Landfill (TRL). The active area leachate has low DOC concentrations (<200 mg l
?1) dominated by fulvic acid (FA=160 mg l
?1), and produces CH
4 dominantly by CO
2 reduction (D?
excess=20.6‰). Leachate generated in the area of older waste has high DOC (>4770 mg l
?1) dominated by FA (4482 mg l
?1) and simple fatty acids (acetic=1008 mg l
?1 and propionic=608 mg l
?1), and produces CH
4 by the acetate fermentation pathway (D?
excess=9.8‰). CSIA shows an advanced degradation and a progressive accumulation of
13C of fatty acids in leachate from the older area. The enriched
13C value of FA (?20 and?26‰ for the older and active parts, respectively,) and of low molecular weight DOC (?8 and?27‰) as well as of the bulk DOC (?21 and?25‰) shows more advanced degradation in the older part of the landfill, which is consistent with the shift in the humic/FA ratios (0.05 and 0.18). The
13C enrichment of acetate (?12‰) above the
13C of DOC (?21‰) and of propionic acid (?19‰), in older leachate, suggests that this acetate has not evolved from the simple degradation of larger organic molecules, but by homoacetogenesis from the enriched dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool (8‰) and H
2, which produce a more enriched
13C of acetate. In contrast, the
13C of the minor acetate in the active area (?17‰) indicates that CO
2-reducing bacteria must be the primary consumers of H
2, which has resulted in enriched
13C
DIC (10‰) and depleted
13C
CH4 (?58‰).
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