2,4-Dimethoxycarbonyl-1,1,3,3-tetrakis(dimethylamino)-1λ5,3λ5-diphosphete

1,1,3,3 - Tetrakis(dimethylamino) - 1λ⁵,3λ⁵ - diphosphete, 1 , reacts with cyanoformic acid methyl ester to form two isomers of the title compound 2 . Properties, NMR, mass, and IR spectra of 2 , as well as the molecular and crystal structure of the E isomer of 2 , are described and discussed.     

Non-markovian effects in NMR relaxation processes: An application to molecular dynamics in branched and cross-linked solid polymers

The dynamic of restricted rotatranslation of mobile structural defects along a polymer chain are treated with an equation of motion with a non-Markovian, stochastic force. The MORI/KUBO/ZWANZIG representation gives a stochastic process with a memory where the loss of correlation is dependend on the restriction of diffusional motion of defects. The influence of crosslinks and branchings of the polymer chains on the molecular dynamics are discussed. The analytical spectral densities of ω^−-α-type characterized by the fractal dimensions of the relevant processes in the different polymeric systems, e. g. cis-polybutadiene, cis-polyisoprene, styrene-butadiene-rubber, high density and linear low density polyethylenes, are compared with the observed NMR data.     

Defined carrageenan derivatives as angiogenesis inhibitors

Three carrageenans derived from red algae and three partially modified carrageenans were tested for their ability to inhibit the formation of new blood capillaries on the chorionallantois membrane of the hen egg. It could be clearly demonstrated that they were better angiogenesis inhibitors than the standard compound suramin.     

From Dinuclear Systems to Close Binary Stars and Galaxies

The evolution of close binary cosmic objects in the mass-asymmetry coordinate is considered. Conditions for the formation of stable symmetric binary stars and galaxies are analyzed. The role of symmetrization of an asymmetric binary system in the transformation of the potential energy into the internal energy and in the release of a large amount of energy is explained.     

Determination of fluorinated surfactants and their metabolites in sewage sludge samples by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry after pressurised liquid extraction and separation on fluorine-modified reversed-phase sorbents

An analytical method was elaborated for simultaneous extraction and determination of fluorinated anionic and non-ionic surfactants in sewage sludge. Surfactant compounds were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) after Soxhlet extraction, hot steam extraction and pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) using spiked sludge samples. PLE in a multiple-step procedure consisting of sequential use of ethyl acetate-dimethylformamide and methanol-phosphoric acid resulted in the most efficient extraction procedure. Quantitative analyses of the fluorinated anionic perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and the partly fluorinated non-ionic alkylpolyglycol ether (FAEO) surfactants were performed by selected ion monitoring LC-MS. Electrospray ionisation or atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation in negative or positive mode was performed. Recoveries between 105 and 120% could be reached. No PFOS and non-ionic FAEO surfactants in concentrations higher than 6 or 10 mg kg(-1) dry matter were observed in real environmental samples. Therefore aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation was performed to investigate the fate of fluorinated surfactants reaching wastewaters. Biological wastewater treatment in laboratory scale under aerobic or anaerobic conditions led to an elimination by biodegradation.