Synthesis of submicron-sized composite particles with unique morphology by emulsifier-free seeded emulsion copolymerization

Polystyrene （PSt） microspheres with diameter of 375 nm to be used as the seeds for seeded emulsion polymerization were prepared via emulsion polymerization using potassium persulfate （KPS） as initiator in ethanol-water mixed solvents. Emulsifier-free seeded emulsion copolymerization of styrene （St） with acrylonitrile （AN） was carried out in the presence of poly（ethylene glycol） monomethoxymonomethacrylate （PEGm） macromonomer as reactive stabilizer and 2,2＇-azobisisobutyronitrile （AIBN） as initiator to obtain submicron-sized PEGm graft poly（styrene-coacrylonitrile） （PEGm-g-PSAN） composite particles with unique morphology. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） indicated that St and AN together contributed to forming the unusual morphology. The concentration of St and AN, total monomer concentration, initiator type and the monomer adding method remarkably affected the morphology of the composite polymer particles.     

Effects of axial preload of ball bearing on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a rotor-bearing system

This research studies the effects of axial preload on nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a flexible rotor supported by angular contact ball bearings. A dynamic model of ball bearings is improved for modeling a five-degree-of-freedom rotor bearing system. The predicted results are in good agreement with prior experimental data, thus validating the proposed model. With or without considering unbalanced forces, the Floquet theory is employed to investigate the bifurcation and stability of system periodic solution. With the aid of Poincarè maps and frequency response, the unstable motion of system is analyzed in detail. Results show that the effects of axial preload applied to ball bearings on system dynamic characteristics are significant. The unstable periodic solution of a balanced rotor bearing system can be avoided when the applied axial preload is sufficient. The bifurcation margins of an unbalanced rotor bearing system enhance markedly as the axial preload increases and relates to system resonance speed.     

磨盘材料和温度对TC11合金磨损行为的影响

对TC11合金与两种不同硬度的GCr15和W6Mo5Cr4V2在25、400和600℃对摩时的磨损行为进行了研究.利用SEM、EDS以及XRD等对试样磨面和剖面的形貌、成分及结构进行了观察与分析.结果表明:TC11合金与三种不同硬度的磨盘对摩后,在25℃,磨损率均随载荷的增加而增加,且磨损率较高,磨损表面呈现黏着和犁沟特征,磨损机理为黏着磨损与磨粒磨损;在400℃,合金与低硬度GCr15对摩时,磨损表面被黑色光滑氧化物所覆盖,磨损机理为氧化轻微磨损;与高硬度GCr15对摩时,在50和150 N,磨损表面呈现黑色光滑氧化物和犁沟特征,磨损机理为氧化轻微磨损和磨粒磨损;在250 N,磨损机理为黏着磨损与磨粒磨损;与W6Mo5Cr4V2对摩时,磨损表面呈现犁沟特征,磨损机理为磨粒磨损;在600℃,TC11合金的磨损率均较低,且与两种不同硬度GCr15对摩后的磨损率均低于与W6Mo5Cr4V2对摩的磨损率,磨损机理均为氧化轻微磨损.在25和600℃,磨盘材料对合金的磨损率具有不同的影响,但不影响合金的磨损机理;在400℃,磨盘材料既影响磨损率也影响磨损机理.     

血管内皮细胞糖萼与力传导

血管内皮细胞糖萼是位于内皮细胞顶膜的一层绒毛状多糖蛋白复合结构,是血管壁的选择性通透屏障．主要在协助红细胞顺利通过毛细血管、抑制血细胞对内皮的粘附及信号传递等过程中发挥重要的生理作用．大量研究证据表明糖萼可能还参与了内皮细胞对剪切力的感受和传导．在简要介绍了糖萼的结构及生理功能的基础上,本文着重对糖萼在力传导方面的研究进展进行了综述．     

Amperometric sensing of hydrogen peroxide using a glassy cabon electode modified with silver nanoparticles on poly(alizarin yellow R)

A sensitive amperometric sensor for hydrogen peroxide (HP) was constructed that is based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with silver nanoparticles on poly(alizarin yellow R). The polymer was electropolymerized onto the surface of the GCE by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and the AgNPs were then electrodeposited onto its surface. The electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and CV, and used for amperometric determination of HP. The electrode exhibits a favorable catalytic activity towards the reduction of HP, with a linear response range from 1.0???M to 450???M and a detection limit of 0.32???M. The sensor also displays high selectivity, excellent reproducibility, and good long-term stability.

Surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization of 4-acetoxystyrene for immunosensing

A novel immunosensing strategy based on surface‐initiated atom‐transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) in combination with electrochemical detection is proposed. Specifically, 4‐acetoxystyrene (AS) has been chosen as a monomer for ATRP due to its ability to provide acetoxyl groups, which can be converted into phenolic hydroxyl groups for electrochemical detection in the presence of tyrosinase. A controlled radical polymerization reaction of 4‐acetoxystyrene at 60 °C was triggered after immobilization of initiator molecules on an electrode surface. The growth of long‐chain polymeric materials increased the concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups, which in turn significantly enhanced the electrochemical signal output. Polymerization conditions, such as temperature and duration, monomer concentration, and the catalyst/monomer ratio have been optimized. The in situ surface‐initiated ATRP was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Cyclic voltammetric investigation revealed a pair of well‐defined oxidation and reduction peaks at 0.232 and 0.055 V, which corresponded to the redox behavior of catechol/o‐quinone on the electrode surface. The proposed approach has been successfully extended to immune recognition. A detection limit of 0.3 ng mL^?1 for rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) as a model antigen has been achieved. Despite the limited availability of the IgG antibody, this technology might also be expanded to the detection of other proteins and DNA.     

恒电流电解-BCO分光光度法测定纯铜中铜含量不确定度的评定

对采用恒电流电解-BC0分光光度法测定纯铜中铜含量的不确定度进行了评定.对测量重复性、电解重量法、光度法等影响测量结果的不确定度分量进行了分析和量化.当纯铜中铜的质量分数为99.93%时,扩展不确定度为0.01%,k=2.     

Characterization and thermal behavior of kaolin

The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on heat production and oxygen consumption was studied in excised roots of 5-day-old wheat seedlings grown in CaCl₂ solution (2.5 × 10⁻⁴ mol/L). Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), NaNO₃, NaNO₂ were used as NO donors. Incubation of the cut roots (wound stress) in the presence of NO donors led to the decrease of heat production and suppressed oxygen consumption. The increase of potassium (K⁺) ions exit was observed, pointing to the increase of the plasma membrane permeability and to the disruption of the adaptive processes development in roots in the NaNO₂ presence.     

Epitope prediction based on random peptide library screening: benchmark dataset and prediction tools evaluation

Epitope prediction based on random peptide library screening has become a focus as a promising method in immunoinformatics research. Some novel software and web-based servers have been proposed in recent years and have succeeded in given test cases. However, since the number of available mimotopes with the relevant structure of template-target complex is limited, a systematic evaluation of these methods is still absent. In this study, a new benchmark dataset was defined. Using this benchmark dataset and a representative dataset, five examples of the most popular epitope prediction software products which are based on random peptide library screening have been evaluated. Using the benchmark dataset, in no method did performance exceed a 0.42 precision and 0.37 sensitivity, and the MCC scores suggest that the epitope prediction results of these software programs are greater than random prediction about 0.09-0.13; while using the representative dataset, most of the values of these performance measures are slightly improved, but the overall performance is still not satisfactory. Many test cases in the benchmark dataset cannot be applied to these pieces of software due to software limitations. Moreover chances are that these software products are overfitted to the small dataset and will fail in other cases. Therefore finding the correlation between mimotopes and genuine epitope residues is still far from resolved and much larger dataset for mimotope-based epitope prediction is desirable.