Exploring the In Vivo Existence Forms (23 Original Constituents and 147 Metabolites) of Astragali Radix Total Flavonoids and Their Distributions in Rats Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn

Astragali Radix total flavonoids (ARTF) is one of the main bioactive components of Astragali Radix (AR), and has many pharmacological effects. However, its metabolism and effective forms remains unclear. The HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSⁿ technique was used to screen and tentatively identify the in vivo original constituents and metabolites of ARTF and to clarify their distribution in rats after oral administration. In addition, modern chromatographic methods were used to isolate the main metabolites from rat urine and NMR spectroscopy was used to elucidate their structures. As a result, 170 compounds (23 original constituents and 147 metabolites) were tentatively identified as forms existing in vivo, 13 of which have the same pharmacological effect with ARTF. Among 170 compounds, three were newly detected original constituents in vivo and 89 were new metabolites of ARTF, from which 12 metabolites were regarded as new compounds. Nineteen original constituents and 65 metabolites were detected in 10 organs. Four metabolites were isolated and identified from rat urine, including a new compound (calycoisn-3’-O-glucuronide methyl ester), a firstly-isolated metabolite (astraisoflavan-7-O-glucoside-2’-O-glucuronide), and two known metabolites (daidzein-7-O-sulfate and calycosin-3’-O-glucuronide). The original constituents and metabolites existing in vivo may be material basis for ARTF efficacy, and these findings are helpful for further clarifying the effective forms of ARTF.     

基于大密度差多相流SPH方法的二维液滴碰撞数值模拟

该文结合了Ott提出的修正连续性方程和Adami改进的动量方程, 对空气中的液滴碰撞问题进行了二维数值模拟. 为有效提高计算精度, 推导了适用于大密度差多相流的人工黏性和人工应力方程. 通过表面张力作用下方形液滴自然变化和空气中两液滴互溶的算例, 验证了算法的有效性; 对不同韦伯数 (8.8, 19.8)、不同碰撞参数 (0, 0.5)下的液滴碰撞过程进行了数值模拟, 并与VOF方法对比,取得了较为一致的结果; 进一步计算多个韦伯数、多个碰撞参数下的液滴碰撞, 得到了空气中二维液滴碰撞结果分布图,与实验结果相符合. 结果表明, 该算法对于求解涉及大密度差多相流的液滴碰撞破碎问题十分有效,而且该方法容易拓展到三维, 从而为进一步模拟火箭发动机的二次雾化过程奠定了基础. 关键词： 光滑粒子流体动力学 大密度差 多相流 液滴碰撞     

Deterministic CNOT gate and entanglement swapping for photonic qubits using a quantum-dot spin in a double-sided optical microcavity

Abstract We propose a deterministic and scalable scheme to construct a two-qubit controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate and realize entanglement swapping between photonic qubits using a quantum-dot (QD) spin in a double-sided optical microcavity. The scheme is based on spin selective photon reflection from the cavity and can be achieved in a nondestructive and heralded way. We assess the feasibility of the scheme and show that the scheme can work in both the weak coupling and the strong coupling regimes. The scheme opens promising perspectives for long-distance photonic quantum communication and distributed quantum information processing.     

Linear Optical Scheme for Local Transformation of Bipartite Resources into a Multipartite W State

A linear optical scheme is proposed to convert N?1 (N≥3) entangled two-photon pairs distributed among N parties into a N-photon W state using local operations and classical communication. In the scheme an arbitrary large-scale entanglement webs for photonic W state among multiple parties can be achieved with the certain success probability by locally operating two photons held by each of the parties. The scheme is feasible and within the reach of current experimental technology.     

Secure Quantum Private Comparison Protocol Based on the Entanglement Swapping Between Three-Particle W-Class State and Bell State

We propose a new quantum private comparison protocol with the help of a semi-honest third party (TP), enabling two participants to compare the equality of their private inputs without exposing any information about their respective private inputs. Different from previous protocols, our protocol utilizes the properties of entanglement swapping between three-particle W-Class state and Bell state. The presented protocol can ensure correctness, fairness and security. Meanwhile, all the quantum particles undergo a one-way transmission, and all the participants including TP are just required having the ability to perform Bell-state measurement and exclusive-or operation which make our protocol more feasible and efficient. At last, the security of this protocol with respect to various kinds of attacks is analyzed in detail.     

燃料抛撒成雾及其燃烧爆炸的光滑离散颗粒流体动力学方法数值模拟研究

燃料在炸药爆炸驱动下形成燃料空气爆炸云团, 进而引燃爆炸, 对目标造成毁伤. 本文在前期提出的光滑离散颗粒流体动力学方法(SDPH)的基础上, 引入描述炸药由爆轰到膨胀整个过程的Jones-Wilkins-Lee状态方程及描述气体快速燃烧过程的EBU-Arrhenius燃烧模型, 建立了求解战斗部起爆、燃料抛撒和燃料二次引燃爆炸问题的新型SDPH方法. 设计了圆环形燃料颗粒在炸药爆炸驱动下运动抛撒的算例进行数值验证, 结果与理论相符; 对燃料空气炸药(FAE)云雾的形成和发展过程进行了数值模拟, 分析了云雾的形态, 并与实验结果进行对比, 符合较好, 同时分析了不同起爆方式对云雾团成型的影响; 最后, 在云雾团成型的基础上, 引入蒸发燃烧模型对FAE的燃烧爆炸过程进行了模拟研究. 结果表明, 本文建立的数学模型和计算方法可以较好的模拟燃料空气炸药抛撒成雾及云雾燃烧爆炸过程, 为该类武器装备的设计研究提供了较好的数值方法.     

一种新型光滑粒子动力学固壁边界施加模型

由于Lagrange粒子法的本质, 固壁边界条件的施加一直是光滑粒子动力学方法的难点之一. 本文从固壁边界的物理原理出发, 应用多层虚粒子表征固壁边界, 提出了一种新型固壁边界施加模型. 将虚粒子看作流体的扩展, 计算中虚粒子密度保持不变, 压力、速度等参数通过对流体粒子的插值获得, 虚粒子有条件的参与控制方程的计算, 对流体的密度/压力产生影响, 通过压力梯度隐式地表征壁面与流体之间的作用强度并对流体粒子施加沿壁面法线方向的斥力作用, 防止流体粒子对壁面的穿透. 数值算例测试结果表明, 与现有固壁边界施加方法相比, 本文方法更加符合流体与固壁边界作用的物理原理, 可以简单、有效地施加固壁边界条件, 方便地应用于具有复杂几何边界的问题, 获得稳定的流场形态、规则的粒子秩序及良好的速度、压力等参量的分布.     

含有吸收介质的突变结构腔体场匹配分析

采用分区求解场及边界场匹配方法推导出含有吸收介质波导的色散方程及突变结构高频腔体混合模式的场匹配方程。将解析分析与数值计算结合，对回旋速调管放大器高频腔体进行了数值计算，研究了吸收层对波导传播、衰减特性及谐振腔的谐振特性、损耗特性、Q值、场分布的影响。给出了数值模拟主要结果。 关键词： 吸收介质 场匹配 混合模 谐振腔 高功率微波