On the dynamics and the temperature states of the spin-boson model

Recently, the finite temperature states of the spin-boson model were studied. Here with different techniques in the case of level-splitting zero, the explicit expressions for both the dynamics and the equilibrium states are derived, namely Trotter's product formula and analyticity methods from perturbation theory are used.     

Algebraic Quantum Theory of the Josephson Microwave Radiator

A closed, entirely quantum mechanical Josephson oscillator model is considered, consisting of two superconductors in tunneling contact, which weakly interact with the photon field. For each superconductor we use, for notational simplicity, the BCS model in the strong coupling approximation and restrict ourselves to Andersons quasi-spin formulation. The thermodynamic limit of the global (non-equilibrium) dynamics is formulated for a large variety of states. It arises a generalization of previously developed cocycle equations, connecting the collective behaviour of the two superconductors with the photon field dynamics. In the physically most interesting situations, where the two superconductors are in thermal equilibrium (below the critical temperature) at voltage difference V, we show, that for arbitrary initial states the outgoing multi-photon states are quantum optically all-order coherent and constitute an almost monochromatic radiation of frequency $ 2eV/\hbar $. Furthermore, we deduce in detail, how the collective behaviour of the superconductors influences the collective (that are the optical) features of the emitted microwave photons. Communicated by Joel Feldman submitted 14/02/03, accepted: 04/03/03     

Measurement of the electric form factor of the neutron through d-->(e-->,e(')n)p at Q2 = 0.5 (GeV/c)(2)

We report the first measurement using a solid polarized target of the neutron electric form factor G(n)(E) via d-->(e-->,e(')n)p. G(n)(E) was determined from the beam-target asymmetry in the scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from polarized deuterated ammonia ( 15ND3). The measurement was performed in Hall C at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in quasifree kinematics with the target polarization perpendicular to the momentum transfer. The electrons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with neutrons in a large solid angle segmented detector. We find G(n)(E) = 0.04632+/-0.00616(stat)+/-0.00341(syst) at Q2 = 0.495 (GeV/c)(2).     

Unimolecular dissociations of excited C3H6O+: A photoelectron—photoion coincidence study of cyclopropanol and allyl alcohol

The photoelectron spectrum of cyclopropanol has been determined and the first few bands have been assigned to the respective ionization processes. The dissociative photoionization of cyclopropanol and allyl alcohol has been studied by means of HeIα photoelectron—photoion coincidence spectroscopy. The breakdown diagrams of the two corresponding radical cations are practically indistinguishable within the entire energy range investigated (= 5 eV). This implies that extensive isomerizations to a single or to a mixture of common precursor structure(s) precede the dissociative processes. The currently available information on the structure of this reactant and, in particular, the role of other C₃H₆O⁺ isomers is discussed. The kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the present results are outlined. Although three generations of daughter ions are involved, the relative importance of the different fragmentation pathways could be determined. The RRKM analysis of the coincidence data suggests that the formation of the ethylene cation by loss of a CO molecule from the parent ion hardly competes with the other four primary fragmentation reactions in the sense of the statistical theory of unimolecular reactions.     

Inverted Hyperconjugation in Symmetrical 1,4-Dihalocubanes

The σ-orbital manifold of cubane 1 , as suggested by its PE spectrum, is divided into two sets separated by a 3 eV gap extending from ～ -10.5 eV to ～ -13.5 eV. Halogen substituents with np AO basis energies falling into this gap (e.g. Cl or Br) will, therefore, hyperconjugate appreciably with both sets. Interaction with the lower-lying set will lead to the usual destabilization (‘normal’ hyperconjugation), whereas interaction with the set above will necessarily lead to a ‘stabilization’ (‘inverted’ hyperconjugation). As a result the lone-pair ionization energies of Cl or Br substituted cubanes (derived from PE spectra) are much larger than naively expected for an alkyl halide containing as much as 8 C-atoms. In particular no significant shift of the e lone-pair bands in the PE spectra of 1,4-dichloro- and 1,4-dibromocubane can be detected with respect to the first ionization energies of the free atoms Cl and Br, or of HCl and HBr.