Zur Kenntnis der Emulsionen,IV

Ohne Zusammenfassung Herrn Prof. P. Rona sind wir für seine rege Anteilnahme und liebenswürdige Unterstützung bei der Durchführung dieser Arbeit zu aufrichtigem Dank verpflichtet.     

Zur Kenntnis der Emulsionen,IV

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Bestimmung des Siliziums im Ferrosilizium

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

SVM-BALSA: remote homology detection based on Bayesian sequence alignment

Biopolymer sequence comparison to identify evolutionarily related proteins, or homologs, is one of the most common tasks in bioinformatics. Support vector machines (SVMs) represent a new approach to the problem in which statistical learning theory is employed to classify proteins into families, thus identifying homologous relationships. Current SVM approaches have been shown to outperform iterative profile methods, such as PSI-BLAST, for protein homology classification. In this study, we demonstrate that the utilization of a Bayesian alignment score, which accounts for the uncertainty of all possible alignments, in the SVM construction improves sensitivity compared to the traditional dynamic programming implementation over a benchmark dataset consisting of 54 unique protein families. The SVM-BALSA algorithms returns a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for 37 of the 54 families and achieves an improved overall performance curve at a significance level of 0.07.     

Radiation enhanced diffusion in UO2 and (U,Pu)O2

Abstract

The radiation enhanced diffusion (coefficient D*) of U-233 and Pu-238 in UO₂ and (U, Pu)O₂ with 2.5 and 15% Pu was measured during fission in a nuclear reactor. Normal diffusion sandwiches with a thin tracer layer were used. A radio-frequency furnace allowed the temperatures to be varied between 130 and 1400°. Neutron fluxes (7 × 10¹² to 1.2 × 10¹⁴ n cm^?2 s^?1) and irradiation times (56 to 334 h) were also varied to cover ranges of fission rates [Fdot] between 7× 10¹¹ and 6.4 × 10¹³ f cm^?3 s^?1 and of doses F between 4.2 × 10¹⁷ and 3.1 × 10¹⁹ f cm³. Below ～1000°, D* was completely athermal and increased linearly with [Fdot]. It was described by D* = A[Fdot] with A = 1.2× 10^?29cm⁵. A possible temperature dependence was indicated between ～1000and 1200°. The results are explained in terms of thermal and pressure effects of fission spikes and are related with other studies of radiation damage as well as with technologically interesting processes occurring in UO₂ during irradiation.     

Structural and optical properties of MgxAl1-xHy gradient thin films: a combinatorial approach

The structural, optical and dc electrical properties of Mg_xAl_1-x (0.2≤x≤0.9) gradient thin films covered with Pd/Mg are investigated before and after exposure to hydrogen. We use hydrogenography, a novel high-throughput optical technique, to map simultaneously all the hydride forming compositions and the kinetics thereof in the gradient thin film. Metallic Mg in the Mg_xAl_1-x layer undergoes a metal-to-semiconductor transition and MgH₂ is formed for all Mg fractions x investigated. The presence of an amorphous Mg-Al phase in the thin film phase diagram enhances strongly the kinetics of hydrogenation. In the Al-rich part of the film, a complex H-induced segregation of MgH₂ and Al occurs. This uncommon large-scale segregation is evidenced by metal and hydrogen profiling using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and resonant nuclear analysis based on the reaction ¹H(¹⁵N,αγ)¹²C. Besides MgH₂, an additional semiconducting phase is found by electrical conductivity measurements around an atomic [Al]/[Mg] ratio of 2 (x=0.33). This suggests that the film is partially transformed into Mg(AlH₄)₂ at around this composition. PACS 78.20.-e; 68.55.-a; 64.75.+g     

Rutherford backscattering for measuring corrosion layers on glasses for long-term storage of radioactive waste

Summary The method considered safest for isolation of nuclear waste is vitrification (solidification in a glass or glassceramic matrix) with long-term storage in stable geological repositories. Borosilicate glasses are candidates for this purpose on a world-wide scale. Though it is very unlikely that water will ever have access to these repositories, the leaching (corrosion in aqueous solutions) of glasses is studied. Rutherford backscattering of beams of charged particles (e.g. He-ions of 2–3 MeV energy) is shown to be a versatile technique to study surface layers and to obtain information on their thickness and composition. The method is non-destructive and can be applied to layers with thicknesses in the range of about 0.1 to 2 m. Results for nuclear waste glasses leached in H₂O or in quinary salt solution (Q-brine) with and without presence of material from the metal container are presented. Presence of steel is shown to greatly enhance leaching rates by preventing glass components to become saturated in the leachant.

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Rutherford-Rückstreuung zur Messung von Korrosionsschich ten an Gläsern zur Langzeitlagerung radioaktiver Abfälle

Zusammenfassung Die Verglasung nuklearer radioaktiver Abfälle (Verfestigung in einer Glasoder Glaskeramikmatrix) mit Langzeitlagerung in stabilen geologischen Lagerstätten wird als sicherste Methode zur Isolation der Abfälle betrachtet. Borosilicatgläser sind weltweit Hauptkandidaten für diesen Zweck. Obzwar es sehr unwahrscheinlich ist, daß Wasser jemals Zugang zu diesen Lagerstätten haben wird, werden Auslaugprozesse (Korrosion in wäßrigen Lösungen) der Gläser untersucht. Die Rutherford-Rückstreuung geladener Teilchenstrahlen (z.B. He von 2–3 Me V Energie) wird als vielseitige Methode zur Untersuchung von Oberflächenschichten vorgestellt, die Information liefert über Schichtdicke und Schichtzusammensetzung. Die Methode ist zerstörungsfrei und kann für Schichten im Dickenbereich von ca. 0,1–2 m benutzt werden. Ergebnisse werden beschrieben für Gläser für nukleare Abfälle, die in H₂O oder in quinärer Salzlösung (Q-brine) allein oder in Gegenwart von Proben der vorgesehenen metallischen Behältermaterialien ausgelaugt wurden. Es wird gezeigt, daß in Gegenwart von Stahl die Auslaugraten wesentlich erhöht werden, da eine Sättigung von Glaskomponenten in der Auslauglösung verhindert wird.

     

205Tl NMR observation of vortex lattice formation in the high temperature superconductor Tl2Ba2CuO6

We report on the asymmetric field distribution of the triangular vortex lattice in the superconductor Tl₂Ba₂CuO₆ as observed by²⁰⁵Tl NMR atB _a =4.26 T. A penetration depth of =1700±100 Å is obtained.     

LnHal2Hn — Neue Phasen in den ternären Systemen Ln/Hal/H. II.: Präparation

LnHal₂H_n— New Phases in the Ternary System Ln/Hal/H. II.: Preparation The hydride dihalides, LnHal₂(H,D)_n, have been prepared from LnHal₂ or from mixtures of LnHal₃ and LnH_n in welded tantalum ampoules under defined hydrogen pressures. Under 1 atm hydrogen CeBr₂H_0.87 (at 770°C), CeI₂H_0.90, CeI₂D_0.96 and GdI₂H_0.97 (at 800°C respectively) are formed as dark blue transparent platelets with a weak metallic luster. The compounds could be hydrogenated at 550°C to the colourless compounds LnHal₂H_1.00. From the equilibrium pressure isotherm (at 800°C) the lowest possible H-content of CeI₂H_n is determined to be n = 0.33 at a H₂-pressure of 0.25 mbar. The continuous variation of the H-content is characterized by a, likewise, continuous alteration of the lattice constants from a = 4.209(1) Å to 4.1697(8) Å and c = 15.218(6) Å to 15.440(2) Å for n = 0.33 to 1.00. Neither CeCl₂ nor CeCl₂H_n could be prepared. According to our investigations, the phase described as LaBr₂ can not be prepared as a binary compound. Attempts to prepare it from LaBr₂H_0.90 were unsuccessful. In contrast, GdI₂ can be prepared hydrogen free and has the heavy-atom structure of GdI₂H_n.