Rapid method for preparing a beta-glucan-specific sensitive fraction from Limulus (Tachypleus tridentatus) amebocyte lysate

By separating Limulus amebocyte lysate by cation-exchange chromatography with an SP-Toyopearl 650C column, a fraction insensitive to endotoxin, yet specifically sensitive to beta-glucan, was successfully obtained in the unadsorbed portion. This fraction showed beta-glucan dose-dependent clotting enzyme activity, although no sensitivity to endotoxin. This beta-glucan-dependent reaction showed no interference in the presence of endotoxin, with the fraction also showing sensitivity towards various kinds of beta-glucan, i.e. curdlan, pachyman, laminaran and lichenan. The sensitivity towards curdlan was approximately 10(-10) g/ml.     

Second-order nonlinear optical properties from poled silicate channel-waveguide

Thin film waveguides of germanosilicate glass are fabricated byrf-sputtering. Second-order nonlinearity ofd ₃₃=3.2 pm/V is obtained from electrically poled film, and the lifetime of the nonlinearity is found to be310 years. The poled channel-waveguide is prepared and the Cerenkov-type phase-matched frequency doubling is successfully observed.     

Nitrosation of Phenolic Substrates under Mildly Basic Conditions: Selective Preparation of p-Quinone Monooximes and Their Antiviral Activities

Nitrosation of 3-methoxyphenol and 1-naphthol were examined under both acidic (NaNO(2)-EtCO(2)H-H(2)O) and basic (i-AmNO(2)-K(2)CO(3)-DMF) conditions. Acidic nitrosations afforded ortho-directed products, whereas para-directed nitrosations were observed under basic conditions to yield p-quinone monooximes. The basic para-directed nitrosation was further examined using 15 phenols, two naphthols, and four phenolic heterocyclics. A one-pot operation of the basic nitrosation followed by methylation with dimethyl sulfate gave the corresponding methyl ethers in high yield. Two p-quinone monooximes derived from 3-methoxyphenol and 8-hydroxyquinoline showed a moderate activity against HSV-1, and the latter oxime was also effective against HSV-2. On the other hand, p-quinone monooximes derived from methyl salicylate, 1-naphthol, 7-hydroxy-2-methylbenzo[b]furan, and 8-hydroxycoumarin showed the comparable activity to that of DDI against HIV-1.     

Quadrupole moment of41Sc by use of new nuclear quadrupole resonance detection

Quadrupole effects in -NMR spectra of⁴¹Sc(I =7/2^–,T _1/2=0.596 s) implanted in a TiO₂ single crystal were detected by use of a modified -NMR technique. Using the field gradient in the crystal determined by the pulsed-Fourier-transformed NMR of⁴⁵Sc in TiO₂, the quadrupole moment of⁴¹Sc has been determined as |Q(⁴¹Sc; 7/2^–)|=166±8 mb.     

Preparation and electrochemical polymerization of new multifunctional pyrrolethiolate-stabilized gold and palladium nanoparticles

New pyrrolylalkanethiolate-stabilized gold and palladium nanoparticles have been prepared: electrochemical polymerization of their metal nanoparticles and their TEMPO-derivatized metal nanoparticles gave the remarkably stable poly(pyrrole metal nanoparticle) films on metal electrodes.     

Facile routes to natural acyclic polyenes syntheses of spilanthol and trail pheromone for termite

The synthetic procedures for spilanthol and trail-following pheromone for a southern subterranean termite were described. The syntheses heavily depend on the new diene synthesis using titanium reagent.     

Enantioselective O- and N-nitroso aldol synthesis of tin enolates. Isolation of three BINAP-silver complexes and their role in regio- and enantioselectivity

The selective generation of three different silver-BINAP catalysts has been achieved via the proper combination of metal/ligand ratio and/or choice of silver salt. Indeed, the X-ray crystallographic study has been used to gain insight into the structure of the catalyst. After the evaluation of each species, 1:1 (AgX.(R)-BINAP) complex was found to be the real active species in the O-selective nitroso aldol reaction. On the other hand, a systematic survey of solvent has shown that the optimal 2:1 (AgX.(R)-BINAP) complex is the effective catalyst in the N-selective pathway. Thus, a new method of generation of the silver-BINAP catalyst and the synthetic transformations provide not only new insights into the developing area of catalytic enantioselective nitroso aldol synthesis but also clear guidance for the design of an effective catalyst.     

Estimation of electrophoretic mobilities of red blood cells in 1-G and microgravity using a miniature capillary electrophoresis unit

Electrophoretic mobilities of red blood cells (RBCs) were measured in microgravity using a home-made capillary electrophoresis unit, which consisted of two small reservoirs of 0.6 mL and a fused-silica capillary tubing with 2 cm in length and 50 num in inner diameter. Migration of RBCs was observed by a microscope at 1000 times magnification and recorded on a videotape. The experiments were performed during stays in microgravity (about 0.01 G), which lasted 20 s and were attained by parabolic flights of an aircraft. On average, the electrophoretic mobilities of RBCs determined in microgravity were about 30% higher than those measured at 1-G condition irrespectively whether the cells were suspended in saline or serum during measurements. This difference might be explained as being mainly due to the cell floating in microgravity. Morphological changes of RBCs may contribute partly to the difference, while the variation in viscosity of the medium under microgravity could play only a minor role.     

Chemical release control: Carbamates of 3-vinylphenyl and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanates and perfume and herbicide alcohols

Polymerizable carbamates were synthesized from 3-vinylphenyl and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanates and perfume and herbicide alcohols, such as 2-phenethyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, 1-menthol, borneol, and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)- and 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl alcohols. Copolymerization of these carbamate monomers and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone with AIBN in dioxane gave respective copolymers. Hydrolyses of both monomers and copolymers, however, required severe acid conditions, although different chemical structures gave different hydrolytic behaviors.