On Kato's inequality for the Weyl quantized relativistic Hamiltonian

In this note we give a simpler proof of Kato's inequality for the Weyl quantized relativistic HamiltonianH _A ^m of a spinless particle with a more singular vector potentialA(x) than in a previous paper of one of the authors. This article was processed by the author using the Springer-Verlag T_EX mamath macro package 1990     

Thermoanalytical study on the chlorination of hydrated aluminas and transition aluminas

The chlorination processes of four hydrated aluminas (bayerite, gibbsite, pseudoboehmite, boehmite) and four transition aluminas (η-,γ-,δ-,θ-Al₂O₃) were studied in the presence of active carbon by means of a gas-flow DTA apparatus. In the case of hydrated alumina systems three exothermic peaks appeared at about 230, 460 and 500°C or above, which corresponded to the formation of hydrogen chloride, white needle-like crystals and the chlorination of hydrated aluminas, respectively. On the other hand, in transition alumina systems, only one exothermic peak due to the chlorination of transition alumina appeared at 580–670°C. The relationship between the chlorination behavior and structure of transition aluminas was discussed.     

The resolution of α-amino acid by chiral polymer-copper complex

The (N-benzyl-l-leucinato) copper(II) complex was shown pH titration to coordinate l-amino acids more strongly than d enantiomers. A chiral polymer complex, containing N-alkylated amino acid residue and copper(II) ion, was used partially to resolve some optically active amino acids. Unlike the (N-benzyl-l-amino acidate)-copper(II) complex, the polymer—copper(II) complex coordinates d-amino acids more strongly than l-enantiomers; the effect was explained by formation of (N,N-dialkylated-amino acidate) copper(II) complex in the polymer.     

Effect of electrostatic field on the polymer chain in the quaternized reaction of polyvinylpyridine with alkyl halides

In order to discuss the electrostatic-field effect on a polymer reaction, the quaternization of poly-4-vinylpyridine–benzyl chloride (system I) was compared to that of poly-γ-chloromethylstyrene–γ-picoline (system II). In these two systems, the reaction initially proceeded according to the simple second-order kinetics. However, after the degree of quaternization exceeded 20–30 mole-%, a deviation from simple second-order kinetics occurred. In system I negative deviation occurred, while in system II positive deviation occurred. These phenomena occurred even though the solvent or the initial concentrations of the reactants were changed. The reasons for these phenomena are given below. In system I, the quaternized pyridine nitrogens prevented the benzyl chloride from approaching the unquaternized pyridine nitrogens. However, in system II the free γ-picoline was attracted by the quaternized chloro-γ-methyl site. Furthermore, the point at which the deviation occurred was determined by the degree of chloromethylation. All these results suggest that the effect of an electrostatic field must be presumed in these two systems.     

SSD1, which encodes a plant-specific novel protein,controls plant elongation by regulating cell division in rice

Plant height is one of the most important traits in crop improvement. Therefore revealing the mechanism of plant elongation and controlling plant height in accordance with breeding object is important. In this study we analyzed a novel dwarf mutant, ssd1, of which phenotype is different from typical GA- or BR-related dwarf phenotype. ssd1 exhibits pleiotropic defects in elongation of various organs such as stems, roots, leaves, and flowers. ssd1 also shows abnormal cell files and shapes, which suggests defects of normal cell division in the mutant. Map-based cloning and complementation test demonstrated that the dwarf phenotype in ssd1 mutant was caused by insertion of retrotransposon in a gene, which encodes plant-specific protein with unknown biochemical function. A BLAST search revealed that SSD1-like genes exist in diverse plant species, including monocots and dicots, but not fern and moss. Our results demonstrate that SSD1 controls plant elongation by controlling cell division in higher plants.