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91.
We have used a density-functional theory based on the interaction site model to predict the liquid-vapor coexistence curve of nitrogen fluid. The pressure and chemical potential were calculated from thermodynamic integrations. The different paths of thermodynamic integration provide slightly different predictions for the liquid-vapor coexistence curve. However, these critical points and coexistence curves evaluated by the theory are in qualitative agreement with the experimental data. The theoretical coexistence curves scaled to critical constants agree with the experimental data quantitatively. 相似文献
92.
The photodecarboxylation of chiral mesityl alkanoate to mesitylalkane has been studied experimentally/theoretically, and it has been found that the photodecarboxylation proceeds to give the product in > 99% enantiomeric excesses under a variety of conditions, indicating no involvement of any radical intermediates, but that the reaction proceeds through the concerted cheletropic extrusion of CO2 from the energetically less-favored s-cis conformation. 相似文献
93.
Miyatake K Zhou H Uchida H Watanabe M 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2003,(3):368-369
Novel sulfonated polyimides containing fluorenyl groups show good thermal and oxidative stability as well as a high proton conductivity of 1.67 S cm(-1) at 120 degrees C and 100% RH. 相似文献
94.
Otsuka H Kijima H Hirata E Shinzato T Takushi A Bando M Takeda Y 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2003,51(3):286-290
Five megastigmane glucosides were isolated from the leaves of Glochidion zeylanicum. One of them was a known compound, blumenol C O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), and the structures of the four new compounds, glochidionionosides A-D (2-5), were mainly elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including a modified Mosher's method. The absolute configurations of the six-membered ring of glochidionionoside D (5) were deduced by beta-D-glucopyranosylation-induced shift trends in the (13)C-NMR spectra and confirmed by X-ray analysis as its p-bromobenzoate (5b), and the axis chirality of C-7 was determined to be R. 相似文献
95.
Ishii A Kawai T Tekura K Oshida H Nakayama J 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2001,40(10):1924-1926
96.
A theoretical framework is demonstrated to evaluate the degree of entanglement of bit states in quantum computing. Separability
of general superposition of Hilbert space unit vectors is discussed, and criteria in amplitude as well as in phase are derived.
By these criteria the possibility of different quantum gates such as controlled not (CN), controlled controlled not (CCN),
controlled rotation (CR), and controlled phase shift (CPS), to create the entanglement is examined. Furthermore, the selection
of measurement mode external to the quantum system is incorporated in the formula using Kronecker delta (δ
kx
), introducing the concept of dynamic entanglement. With this the process of wavefunction collapse upon measurement is understood as the result of the activation of the dynamic
entanglement. A firefly in a box model is used to show a pure state of ontological uncertainty, which is in a dynamically
entangled state in Hilbert space. 相似文献
97.
Balance equations are derived from Enskog’s kinetic equation for a two-dimensional system of hard disks using Grad’s moment
expansion method. This set of equations constitute an extended hydrodynamics for moderately dense bi-dimensional fluids. The
set of independent hydrodynamic fields in the present formulations are: density, velocity, temperature and also—following Grad’s original idea—the symmetric and traceless pressure tensor p
ij
and the heat flux vector q
k
. An approximation scheme similar in spirit to one made by Grad in his original work is made. Once the hydrodynamics is derived
it is used to discuss the nature of a simple one-dimensional heat conduction problem. It is shown that, not too far from equilibrium,
the nonequilibrium pressure in this case only depends on the density, temperature and heat flux vector.
PACS: 51.10.+y, 05.20.Jj, 44.10.+i, 05.70.Ln 相似文献
98.
A new butenolide, designated odoratinolide (1), was isolated from the bark of the Vietnamese medicinal plant Machilus odoratissima. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses. 相似文献
99.
Byungchan Bae Shinya Kawamura Kenji Miyatake Masahiro Watanabe 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2011,49(17):3863-3873
Random and multiblock sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (SPEs) containing various azole groups such as oxadiazole and triazole were synthesized and characterized for fuel cell application. Successful preparation of SPE membranes depended on the structure of azole groups, which affected solubility of precursors and the resulting SPEs. Although oxadiazole groups were incorporated into hydrophobic component, they were found to be hydrophilic to give higher proton conductivity. Introduction of oxadiazole groups into random SPE gave comparable proton conductivity to that of Nafion NRE at >60% relative humidity at 80 °C. Block copolymer structure further increased the proton diffusion coefficient without increasing ion exchange capacity. Hydrolytic and oxidative stability of the SPE membranes was affected by both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. Oxadiazole groups gave negative impact on hydrolytic and mechanical stability to the SPE membranes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献
100.
Takefumi Mikami Kenji Miyatake Masahiro Watanabe 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2011,49(2):452-464
A series of block copoly(arylene ether)s containing pendant superacid groups were synthesized, and their properties were investigated for fuel cell applications. Two series of telechelic oligomers, iodo‐substituted oligo(arylene ether ketone)s and oligo(arylene ether sulfone)s, were synthesized. The degree of oligomerization and the end groups were controlled by changing the feed ratio of the monomers. The nucleophilic substitution polymerization of the two oligomers provided iodo‐substituted precursor block copolymers. The iodo groups were converted to perfluorosulfonic acid groups via the Ullmann coupling reaction. The high degree of perfluorosulfonation (up to 83%) was achieved by optimizing the reaction conditions. Tough and bendable membranes were prepared by solution casting. The ionomer membranes exhibited characteristic hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase separation with large hydrophilic clusters (ca. 10 nm), which were different from that of our previous random copolymers with similar molecular structure. The block copolymer structure was found to be effective in improving the proton‐conducting behavior of the superacid‐modified poly(arylene ether) ionomer membranes without increasing the ion exchange capacity (IEC). The highest proton conductivity was 0.13 S/cm at 80 °C, 90% relative humidity, for the block copolymer ionomer membrane with IEC = 1.29 mequiv/g. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献