Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2-cyano-3-(2-fluoro-5-pyridyl)methylaminoacrylates

A series of 2-cyano-3-(2-fluoro-5-pyridyl)methylaminoacrylates were synthesized as herbicidal inhibitors of photosystem II (PSII) electron transport. 2-Fluoro-5-pyridinemethylamine was prepared from 2-amino-5-methylpyridine, subsequent reaction with 2-cyano-3,3-dimethylthioacrylates or 2-cyano-3-methoxyacrylates to yield these title compounds. All of these compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR, IR, mass spectrum and elemental analyses. Their herbicidal activities were evaluated. All of the title compounds showed excellent herbicidal activities to amaranth pigweed and rape in post-emergence treatment. At the rate of 150 g/ha, one compound exhibited similar activity to Cl-analogue. The replacement of chlorine by fluorine group showed the same herbicidal activity.     

Controlling capture and release of guests from cross-linked supramolecular polymers

[reaction: see text]. Formation of a cross-linked, porous supramolecular polymer leads to instant entrapment of organic guest species. These can be stored and then released upon changing solvent polarity, temperature, pH, and concentration.     

基于长余辉材料的激光书写和显示

本文给出了长余辉材料一个新的用途,研制了一台以长余辉材料为屏幕的激光书写显示装置,可以人为控制激光笔在余辉材料上随意书写文字、画图并显示.该装置利用单片机和步进电机控制两组轴镜在不同方向的转动,从自己建立的开源矢量图库中调用相关图片,使激光光束在长余辉材料上进行二维矢量的扫描,完成文字书写和绘图显示.用VASP(Vienna abinitio simulation package)软件计算出长余辉材料Mn(H_2PO_4)_2的能级结构,测试了SrAl_2O_4:Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)和Mn(H_2PO_4)_2的余辉强度衰减曲线,便于调整样机电机的书写速度,测试了Mn(H_2PO_4)_2的反射谱和拉曼谱,其拉曼峰值在625,769和1049 nm及远红外.通过理论和实验研究,掌握了与相应长余辉材料匹配的激发最佳激光波段.制作样机后得到英文、中文、图像的实时书写和显示结果.本装置犹如一只无形的"笔"在纸上挥舞,流畅书写绘画,书写过程配上音乐颇具观赏性,该装置可应用于商业广告显示、动态标语书写、教学投影辅助设备、舞台效果、新型艺术表现形式等领域.     

Selective Oxytrifluoromethylation of Allylamines with CO2

Reported is the first oxy‐trifluoromethylation of allylamines with carbon dioxide (CO₂) using copper catalysis, thus leading to important CF₃‐containing 2‐oxazolidones. It is also the first time CO₂, a nontoxic and easily available greenhouse gas, has been used to tune the difunctionalization of alkenes from amino‐ to oxy‐trifluoromethylation. Of particular note, this multicomponent reaction is highly chemo‐, regio‐, and diastereoselective under redox‐neutral and mild reaction conditions. Moreover, these reactions feature good functional‐group tolerance, broad substrate scope, easy scalability and facile product diversification. The important products could also be formed with either spirocycles or two adjacent tetrasubstituted carbon centers.     

A Drying‐Free,Water‐Based Process for Fabricating Mixed‐Matrix Membranes with Outstanding Pervaporation Performance

Despite much progress in the development of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for many advanced applications, the synthesis of MMMs without particle agglomeration or phase separation at high nanofiller loadings is still challenging. In this work, we synthesized nanoporous zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF‐8) nanoparticles with a particle size of 60 nm and a pore size of 0.34 nm in water and directly added them into an aqueous solution of the organic polymer poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) without an intermediate drying process. This approach led to a high‐quality PVA/ZIF‐8 MMM with enhanced performance in ethanol dehydration by pervaporation. The permeability of this MMM is three times higher than that of pristine PVA, and the separation factor is nearly nine times larger than that of pristine PVA. The significantly improved separation performance was attributed to the increase in the fractional free volume in the membranes.     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of spherical LiNi<Subscript>0.8</Subscript>Co<Subscript>0.15</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>0.05</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> cathode materials with high tap density

A series of spherical LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Ti_0.05O₂ cathode materials were synthesized through co-oxidation-controlled crystallization method followed by solid-state reaction at different calcination temperatures under oxygen flowing. The crystal structure and particles morphology of the as-prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. All samples correspond to the layered α-NaFeO₂ structure with R-3m space group. The LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Ti_0.05O₂ prepared at 800 °C presents a better hexagonal ordering structure and better spherical particles and possesses a high tap density of 3.22 g cm^?3. Meanwhile, the NCT-2 sample exhibits an advanced electrochemical performance with an initial discharge capacity of 174.2 mAh g^?1 and capacity retention of 86.7 % after 30 cycles at 0.2 C.     

浑浊介质中图像对比度与成像方式的关系

浑浊介质中图像对比度的物理增强方法一直是研究热点, 目前学者们提出的距离选通成像、偏振差分成像和偏振距离选通成像均能提高图像的对比度, 但提高效果与成像距离的关系尚不明确. 本文分别利用以上三种成像方式及普通强度成像对处于不同浓度浑浊介质中的目标进行成像, 研究了图像强度和对比度随成像距离的变化情况. 结果表明: 从滤除的散射光强来看, 偏振距离选通成像最优, 而偏振差分成像在成像距离较远时优于距离选通成像; 三种成像方式滤除的散射光强值趋于稳定的阈值距离各不相同; 对比度改变相同量时, 偏振距离选通成像对应成像距离的变化量最大, 偏振差分成像次之, 强度成像最小, 且均与散射系数成反比. 本文对浑浊介质成像效果及机理的分析, 对进一步提高浑浊介质中目标的分辨及识别具有重要意义.     

Anchoring calcium carbonate on graphene oxide reinforced with anticorrosive properties of composite epoxy coatings

Calcium carbonate nanoparticles (nano‐CaCO₃) anchored graphene oxide (GO) sheet nanohybrids (GO‐CaCO₃) are fabricated, and their structure can be measured by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Afterwards, composite epoxy coatings, filled with GO and GO‐CaCO₃ nanohybrids, are prepared via a curing process. The dispersion and anticorrosive properties of composite epoxy coatings are investigated. The results reveal that GO‐CaCO₃ nanohybrids achieve a homogeneous dispersion as well as reinforce corrosion resistance of epoxy coatings. Furthermore, the anticorrosive mechanisms are tentatively proposed for the GO‐CaCO₃/epoxy coatings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fabrication of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposites to enhance anticorrosion performance of epoxy coatings

SiO₂‐coated Fe₃O₄ (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂) nanocomposites were prepared by sol–gel method, and the anticorrosion performance of composite coatings was discussed. The structure of the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanocomposites was verified through Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Composite epoxy coatings with same concentrations of Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ were measured by scanning electron microscopy contact angle meter. More importantly, the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanocomposites not only obtained a homogeneous dispersion and compatibility in epoxy resin but also exhibited an obvious superiority in enhancing the anticorrosion performance of epoxy coatings. Furthermore, the anticorrosion mechanism of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/epoxy composite coating was tentatively discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.