全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10726篇 |
免费 | 1711篇 |
国内免费 | 1144篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 7634篇 |
晶体学 | 122篇 |
力学 | 646篇 |
综合类 | 65篇 |
数学 | 1264篇 |
物理学 | 3850篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 33篇 |
2023年 | 198篇 |
2022年 | 375篇 |
2021年 | 392篇 |
2020年 | 415篇 |
2019年 | 421篇 |
2018年 | 348篇 |
2017年 | 319篇 |
2016年 | 486篇 |
2015年 | 533篇 |
2014年 | 582篇 |
2013年 | 820篇 |
2012年 | 935篇 |
2011年 | 900篇 |
2010年 | 668篇 |
2009年 | 633篇 |
2008年 | 716篇 |
2007年 | 601篇 |
2006年 | 583篇 |
2005年 | 481篇 |
2004年 | 430篇 |
2003年 | 327篇 |
2002年 | 316篇 |
2001年 | 249篇 |
2000年 | 188篇 |
1999年 | 183篇 |
1998年 | 167篇 |
1997年 | 173篇 |
1996年 | 166篇 |
1995年 | 125篇 |
1994年 | 123篇 |
1993年 | 100篇 |
1992年 | 56篇 |
1991年 | 62篇 |
1990年 | 70篇 |
1989年 | 53篇 |
1988年 | 33篇 |
1987年 | 24篇 |
1986年 | 37篇 |
1985年 | 34篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 22篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
171.
The conformation of bovine serum albumin largely depends on its microenvironment pH and affects its physical functions and applications. In this study, we investigated the effects of pH (wide range 2–12) on the conformation of bovine serum albumin based on spectroscopic signals by various spectroscopic means including fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, resonance light scattering, UV-visible absorption, and circular dichroism. The changes in spectroscopic signals, such as peak position and intensity, showed that the structure of bovine serum albumin varied significantly with pH. The conformation of bovine serum albumin was compact at pH 6–7, as indicated by the largest peak position values and peak intensities in the fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, and RLS spectra. The structure of bovine serum albumin became loose in the acidic or alkaline environment, as indicated by the decreased peak position values and peak intensities. The microenvironment of the amino acid residues of bovine serum albumin also varied with pH, as indicated by the changing peak position values. At pH 7, the hydrophobicity of the tyrosine and tryptophan residues was the weakest, as indicated by the minimum synchronous fluorescence signals. In addition, the secondary structure of bovine serum albumin, especially α-helix, varied with pH. The content of α-helix reached the maximum value of 68% at pH 6–8, whereas it decreased in the acidic or alkaline environment. The study provides valuable details for studying the physiological function and applications of serum albumins. 相似文献
172.
Optically controlled SiCGe/SiC heterojunction transistor with charge-compensation layer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
A novel optically controlled SiCGe/SiC heterojunction transistor with charge-compensation technique has been simulated by using commercial simulator.This paper discusses the electric field distribution,spectral response and transient response of the device.Due to utilizing p-SiCGe charge-compensation layer,the responsivity increases nearly two times and breakdown voltage increases 33%.The switching characteristic illustrates that the device is latch-free and its fall time is much longer than the rise time.With an increase of the light power density and wavelength,the rise time and fall time will become shorter and longer,respectively.In terms of carrier lifetime,a compromise should be made between the responsivity and switching speed,the ratio of them reaches maximum value when the minority carrier lifetime equals 90 ns. 相似文献
173.
Lin Hou Yujie Yuan Junxiao Ren Yinling Zhang Yongchao Wang Xiaoning Shan Qi Liu Zhenzhong Zhang 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2017,19(8):286
In this work, carbon nanomaterials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), graphene oxide (GO), and fullerene (C60) were modified by hyaluronic acid (HA) to obtain water-soluble and biocompatible nanomaterials with high tumor-targeting capacity and then the comparative study of these hyaluronic acid-modified carbon nanomaterials was made in vitro and in vivo. The conjugates of hyaluronic acid and carbon nanomaterials, namely, HA-SWNT, HA-GO, HA-C60, were confirmed by UV/Vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). After HA modification, the sizes of HA-SWNT, HA-GO, and HA-C60 were in a range of 70 to 300 nm, and all the three HA-modified materials were at negative potential, demonstrating that HA modification was in favor of extravasation of carbon materials into a tumor site due to enhanced permeability and retention effect of tumor. Photothermal conversion in vitro test demonstrated excellent photothermal sensitivity of HA-SWNT and HA-GO. But the reactive oxygen yield of HA-C60 was the highest compared with the others under visible light irradiation, which proved the good photodynamic therapy effect of HA-C60. In addition, cytotoxicity experiments exhibited that the inhibitory efficacy of HA-SWNT was the lowest, the second was HA-C60, and the highest was HA-GO, which was consistent with the uptake degree of them. While under the laser irradiation, the cell inhibition of the HA-SWNT was the highest, the second was HA-GO, and the last was HA-C60. In vivo evaluation of the three targeting carbon nanomaterials was consistent with the cytotoxicity assay results. Taken together, the results demonstrated that HA-SWNT and HA-GO were suited for photothermal therapy (PTT) agents for their good photothermal property, while HA-C60 was used as a kind of photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent for its photodynamic effect. 相似文献
174.
借助“制造业高级化”产业升级理论, 从结构优度、价值链高度、环境保护程度三个维度构建制造业产业升级评价指标体系。根据TOPSIS思想, 以被评价对象数列和理想方案指标数列两相邻点间围成图形的面积来表征关联系数, 同时采用标准差修正G1组合赋权原理对指标赋权并进一步计算灰关联相对贴近度; 通过引入时间变量并赋予时间序列权重以实现对长三角制造业产业升级动态评价。研究结果显示:2010至2016年间, 上海市排名最高, 江苏省略高于浙江省, 安徽省最低; 安徽省是长三角制造业产业升级的短板。基于上述结论, 给出长三角制造业产业升级的政策建议。 相似文献
175.
Guo Pengju Chen XuedongGuan Weihe Cheng HuayunJiang Heng 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2011,323(20):2474-2477
The surface magnetic field intensity Hp(y) of low-carbon steel plate specimen was measured after tensile test and unloading; variation of Hp(y) was studied. It was found that Hp(y) signals first decreased with increase in stress, and then reversed to the initial field when the stress was greater than 160 MPa. Under yield stress, Hp(y) reached its maximum, and then decreased slightly with further increase in stress. The initial magnetic signals have great impact on the variation of magnetic field. 相似文献
176.
Dependences of spin polarization on the control parameters in the spin-polarized injection through the magnetic p-n junction 下载免费PDF全文
Effective spin-polarized injection from magnetic semiconductor (MS)
to nonmagnetic semiconductor (NMS) has been highlighted in recent
years. In this paper we study theoretically the dependence of
nonequilibrium spin polarization (NESP) in NMS during spin-polarized
injection through the magnetic p-n junction. Based on the theory in
semiconductor physics, a model is established and the boundary
conditions are determined in the case of no external spin-polarized
injection and low bias. The control parameters that may influence the
NESP in NMS are indicated by calculating the distribution of spin
polarization. They are the doping concentrations, the equilibrium
spin polarization in MS and the bias. The effective spin-polarized
injection can be realized more easily by optimizing the above
parameters. 相似文献
177.
An All-Solid-State Tunable Dual-Wavelength Ti:Sapphire Laser with Quasi-Continuous-Wave Outputs 下载免费PDF全文
A high power dual-wavelength Ti:sapphire laser system with wide turning range and high efficiency is described, which consists of two prism-dispersed resonators pumped by an a11-solid-state frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. Tunable dual-wavelength outputs, with one wavelength range from 750nm to 795nm and the other from 80Ohm to 850nm, have been demonstrated. With a pump power of 23 W at 532nm, a repetition rate of 6.5kHz and a pulse width of 67.6ns, the maximum dual-wavelength output power of 5.6 W at 785.3nm and 812.1 run, with a pulse width of 17.2ns and a line width of 2nm, has been achieved, leading to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 24.4%. 相似文献
178.
为了研究强磁场下薄膜取向生长规律,采用真空蒸发气相沉积法分别制备了不同磁场方向生长的Zn和Bi薄膜.XRD结果发现磁化率差异较小的Zn薄膜在4T时产生了明显的取向生长,而磁化率差异较大的Bi薄膜在5T磁场强度还没有发生取向生长.SEM结果显示Zn薄膜和Bi薄膜晶粒尺寸上有明显的差别,利用Zn薄膜在4T磁场下的取向建立晶粒尺寸和取向生长的对应关系,提出薄膜发生取向时晶粒的磁化能须大于热能kT的420倍.薄膜是否发生取向生长取决于三个因素:薄膜单个晶粒的大小V,材料不同晶向的磁化率差异Δ关键词:
强磁场
磁取向
薄膜生长
材料电磁加工 相似文献
179.
Ran Li Ming-Fan Li Ji-Rong Ren 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2011,71(2):1566
We extend the recently proposal of hidden conformal symmetry to the self-dual warped AdS3 black holes in topological massive gravity. It is shown that the wave equation of massive scalar field with sufficient small
angular momentum can be reproduced by the SL(2, R) Casimir quadratic operator. Due to the periodic identification in the φ direction, it is found that only the left section of hidden conformal symmetry is broken to U(1), while the right section
is unbroken, which only gives the left temperature of dual CFT. As a check of the dual CFT conjecture of self-warped AdS3 black hole, we further compute the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy and absorption cross section and quasinormal modes of scalar
field perturbation and show these are just of the forms predicted by the dual CFT. 相似文献
180.