Bromine is an endogenous component of a vanadium bromoperoxidase

On the basis of EXAFS and MS/MS experimental results and a reinterpretation of the electron density map obtained by X-ray crystallography, we describe a new post-translational modification, that is, a 3,5-dibromotyrosine residue that is incorporated in the polypeptide chain of a vanadium haloperoxidase.     

Commemorating two centuries of iodine research: an interdisciplinary overview of current research

Iodine was discovered as a novel element in 1811 during the Napoleonic Wars. To celebrate the bicentennial anniversary of this event we reflect on the history and highlight the many facets of iodine research that have evolved since its discovery. Iodine has an impact on many aspects of life on Earth as well as on human civilization. It is accumulated in high concentrations by marine algae, which are the origin of strong iodine fluxes into the coastal atmosphere which influence climatic processes, and dissolved iodine is considered a biophilic element in marine sediments. Iodine is central to thyroid function in vertebrates, with paramount implications for human health. Iodine can exist in a wide range of oxidation states and it features a diverse supramolecular chemistry. Iodine is amenable to several analytical techniques, and iodine compounds have found widespread use in organic synthesis. Elemental iodine is produced on an industrial scale and has found a wide range of applications in innovative materials, including semiconductors--in particular, in solar cells.     

Nonequilibrium Zeeman splitting in quantum transport through nanoscale junctions

We calculate the differential conductance G(V) through a quantum dot in an applied magnetic field. We use a Keldysh conserving approximation for weakly correlated and the scattering-states numerical renormalization group for the intermediate and strongly correlated regime out of equilibrium. In the weakly correlated regime, the Zeeman splitting observable in G(V) strongly depends on the asymmetry of the device. In contrast, in the strongly correlated regime the position Δ(K) of the Zeeman-split zero-bias anomaly is almost independent of such asymmetries and of the order of the Zeeman energy Δ(0). We find a crossover from the purely spin-fluctuation driven Kondo regime at small magnetic fields with Δ(K)<Δ(0) to a regime at large fields where the contribution of charge fluctuations induces larger splittings with Δ(K)>Δ(0) as it was observed in recent experiments.