Synthesis of distillation trains with heat integration by a combined fuzzy and graphical approach

After passing some results of fuzzy synthesis of heat exchanger networks in review the application of this approach to the synthesis of distillation trains for the separation of multicomponent mixtures is demonstrated. The available heuristic rules are transformed into fuzzy implications dependent on different criteria and that competing rule, which is to be applied, is selected by the fuzzy algorithm.The theoretically possible amount of heat recovery within the networks generated in this way is estimated by a graphical method and included in the final cost evaluation. Regarding operating parameters like column pressure and reflux ratio, according to the mathematical effort at least qualitative statements can be made in result of the estimation of possible heat recovery.As already in the case of heat exchanger networks a following learning algorithm can serve to overcome the disadvantages of this sequential approach, representing at the same time the first step of a further evolutionary improvement of the initial distillation train.     

Search for an effect of the ionic charge on the Coulomb capture of muons in Cu,CuSCN and Cu(SCN)2

Muonic Lyman series intensities and Coulomb capture ratios have been measured for CuSCN and Cu(SCN)₂, and the Cu Lyman series intensities also for Cu metal. No effect due to the ionic charge was found.     

K0 production in e+e− annihilations at 30 GeV center of mass energy

Inclusive K⁰-production has been measured in e⁺e^- annihilation at a center of mass energy of about W = 30 GeV. The ratio of K⁰ + K⁰ production to μ⁺μ^- production is R_K0 = 5.6 ± 1.1 (statist. error) ± 0.8 (system.error) This value is about a factor of three higher than R_K0 at W = 7 GeV. The cross sections (s/β) dσ/dx is consistent with a scaling behaviour.     

Differential cross sections for the charge exchange process π+p → π0 (π+p) at 8, 16 and 23 GeV/c

The differential cross section $\text{d}\text{σ}\text{d}\text{t′}$ for the charge-exchange process π⁺p → π⁰ (π⁺p) at 8, 16 and 23 GeV/c is presented for several regions of the π⁺p effective mass. It is found that the dip at t′ ≈ 0.6 (GeV/c)² which is observed in the Δ(1236) mass band becomes a less pronounced structure in the higher mass regions. However, while the slope of the $\text{d}\text{σ}\text{d}\text{t′}$ distributions in the near-forward direction decreases strongly with increasing π⁺p mass, there is no evidence that the observed structure moves to higher values of t′ as the π⁺p mass increases. These results are consistent with a Regge-exchange picture where the position of the dip is determined by the exchanged trajectory, but are inconsistent with a simple geometrical picture.     

Moulton-Laguerre-Ebenen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The effect of instantaneous diffusion on the relaxation of photon echoes in ruby

It has been recently suggested that electrid dipole instantaneous diffusion plays an important role in the relaxation of photon echoes in ruby. Our experiments indicate that instantaneous diffusion is not important in this relaxation.     

Nearly free induction decay observed in picosecond pulse propagation

Coherent reshaping of resonant pulses is investigated for moderately short samples. It is shown that a trailing pulse wing develops with decay time τ <T₂/2 (dephasing time T₂). This novel phenomenon is verified experimentally for HCl: Ar at 3 bar. Ultrafast dephasing and beating of the two HCl isotopes is directly observed on time-resolved infrared spectroscopy.