Trace Spectrophotometric Determination of Dichlorvos using Diphenyl Semicarbazide (DPC) in Environmental and Agricultural Samples

A new and highly sensitive spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of sub ppm levels of the widely used organophosphorus insecticide dichlorvos. The method is based on alkaline hydrolysis of dichlorvos to dichloroacetaldehyde followed by coupling with diphenyl semicarbazide (DPC) in alkaline medium. The absorption maxima of the wine red dye compound formed is measured at 490 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 4.3 to 34 μg in a final solution volume of 25 mL (0.18–1.36 ppm). The molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity and correlation coefficient were found to be 2.9 × 10⁵ l mole^?1 cm^?1, 0.013 μg cm^?2 and 0.9999, respectively. The standard deviation and relative standard deviation were found to be ± 0.007 and 1.90%, respectively. The lower limit of detection is 0.04 μg. The method is simple, sensitive and free from interferences of other pesticides and diverse ions. Other organophosphorous pesticides do not interfere with the proposed method. The method has been satisfactorily applied to the determination of dichlorvos in environmental and agricultural samples.     

Solid-supported Hantzsch—Biginelli reaction for syntheses of pyrimidine derivatives

The microwave-assisted dry media technology was utilized for the synthesis of some novel derivatives in the Hantzsch—Biginelli reaction. In this eco-friendly approach, the usage of organic solvents and hazardous reagents resulting in corrossion of materials was minimized, giving high yields of products within a short reaction time.     

Simple entry into isonucleosides: synthesis of 6-amino-9-[(3S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]purine

A simple and efficient method for the preparation of isonucleoside 7 is described. The preparation of 1,4-anhydroxylitol 4, a key intermediate, is described by intramolecular cyclization of (2S,3R,4R)-3,5-dibenzyloxypentan-1,2,4-triol 3 using diethyl carbonate and NaH.     

Thiourea to bicyclic scaffolds: highly regio- and stereoselective routes to dithiazolopyrimidines

Microwave-activated solvent-free Michael addition of 3-imino-1,4,2-dithiazoles to 4-arylidene-5(4H)-oxazolones furnished isolable adducts regio- and diastereoselectively, which underwent ring transformation to yield the target dithiazolopyrimidines. Alternatively, the similar conjugate addition of methanesulfinylmethylisothioureas to 4-arylidene-5(4H)-oxazolones diastereoselectively afforded Michael adducts, which underwent ring transformation followed by heterocyclization via deoxygenative demethylation with thionyl chloride to yield the same products dithiazolopyrimidines regio- and diastereoselectively.     

The structure of new lignans from the seeds of phytolacca americana

From the seeds of Phytolacca americana two new lignans, Americanin B and D, have been isolated and their structures elucidated mainly by spectroscopic methods     

Frequency of OH in solutions of n-butanol in carbon tetrachloride: effect of dilution

It is noted that the 1 <-- 0 transition for nuOH shows a blue shift as the relative concentration of n-butanol in a CCl4-n-butanol is reduced. The magnitude of the shift decreases for the 2 <-- 0 transition and there is almost no shift for the 3 <-- 0 transition. These observations are consistent with the observed red shift [Y. Mizugai, F. Takimoto, M. Katayama, Chem. Phys. Lett. 76 (1980) 615] on dilution for the 5 <-- 0 transition in n-butanol. The observations have been interpreted on the basis of formation of O-H....Cl hydrogen bond.     

Electro-chromatography in the study of ions

Summary Change of concentration of electrolyte such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and potassium bromide has a marked effect on the direction of migration of Cd. A very cheap set incorporating a number of Durrum'S units suitable for separation of a large number of different types of mixtures of ions has been devised.     

The effect of morphological changes on the coprecipitation of strontium by calcium phosphate

The coprecipitation of strontium by a calcium phosphate phase formed at an elevated pH 10.8 was investigated. The first phase obtained under these conditions in the amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) which is transformed into crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) after the induction period. Is has been shown that this transformation together with morphological changes of the precipitated solid phase, influences the amount of the sorbed strontium significantly. The possible consequences of this finding on practical application of coprecipitation of strontium by calcium phosphate have been discussed.     

Synthesis of thiadiazoles,triazoles and oxadiazoles from sulfonyl acetic acids via a common route

A new class of five membered heterocycles, thiadiazoles, triazoles and oxadiazoles were prepared from sulfonyl acetic acids via acid hydrazides.