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31.
32.
Fabian Benz Christoph Roderburg David Vargas Cardenas Mihael Vucur Jérémie Gautheron Alexander Koch Henning Zimmermann J?rn Janssen Lukas Nieuwenhuijsen Mark Luedde Norbert Frey Frank Tacke Christian Trautwein Tom Luedde 《Experimental & molecular medicine》2013,45(9):e42
MicroRNA (miRNA) levels in serum have recently emerged as potential novel biomarkers for various diseases. miRNAs are routinely measured by standard quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR); however, the high sensitivity of qPCR demands appropriate normalization to correct for nonbiological variation. Presently, RNU6B (U6) is used for data normalization of circulating miRNAs in many studies. However, it was suggested that serum levels of U6 themselves might differ between individuals. Therefore, no consensus has been reached on the best normalization strategy in ‘circulating miRNA''. We analyzed U6 levels as well as levels of spiked-in SV40-RNA in sera of 44 healthy volunteers, 203 intensive care unit patients and 64 patients with liver fibrosis. Levels of U6 demonstrated a high variability in sera of healthy donors, patients with critical illness and liver fibrosis. This high variability could also be confirmed in sera of mice after the cecal ligation and puncture procedure. Most importantly, levels of circulating U6 were significantly upregulated in sera of patients with critical illness and sepsis compared with controls and correlated with established markers of inflammation. In patients with liver fibrosis, U6 levels were significantly downregulated. In contrast, levels of spiked-in SV40 displayed a significantly higher stability both in human cohorts (healthy, critical illness, liver fibrosis) and in mice. Thus, we conclude that U6 levels in the serum are dysregulated in a disease-specific manner. Therefore, U6 should not be used for data normalization of circulating miRNAs in inflammatory diseases and previous studies using this approach should be interpreted with caution. Further studies are warranted to identify specific regulatory processes of U6 levels in sepsis and liver fibrosis. 相似文献
33.
Dr. Camiel H. C. Janssen Dr. Antonio Sánchez Prof. Geert-Jan Witkamp Prof. Mark N. Kobrak 《Chemphyschem》2013,14(16):3806-3813
We present a novel mechanism for the extraction of metals from aqueous phases to room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) by use of a high-temperature salt as an extraction agent. The mechanism capitalizes on the fact that charged metal complexes are soluble in ILs; this allows for extraction of charged complexes rather than the neutral species, which are formed by conventional approaches. The use of a well-chosen extraction agent also suppresses the competing ion-exchange mechanism, thus preventing degradation of the ionic liquid. The approach permits the use of excess extractant to drive the recovery of metals in high yield. This work presents both a thermodynamic framework for understanding the approach and experimental verification of the process in a range of different ILs. The method has great potential value in the recovery of metals, water purification and nuclear materials processing. 相似文献
34.
B. De Samber K. A. C. De Schamphelaere C. R. Janssen B. Vekemans R. De Rycke G. Martinez-Criado R. Tucoulou P. Cloetens L. Vincze 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(18):6061-6068
The unique potential of nanoscale elemental imaging of major/minor and trace-level elemental distributions within thin biological tissue sections of the ecotoxicological model organism Daphnia magna is demonstrated by synchrotron radiation nano-X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF). The applied highly specialized sample preparation method, coupled with the high spatial resolution (~180 nm) and high X-ray photon flux (6?×?1011 photons/s) available at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) ID22NI beamline proved to be critical for the high-quality visualization of (trace-)metal distributions on the submicron level within the target structures of interest. These include the branchial sacs on the thoracic appendages (epipodites) of D. magna, which are osmoregulatory regions where ion exchange occurs. For the main element of interest (Zn), detection limits of 0.7 ppm (3 ag) was reached in fast-scanning mode using an acquisition time of 0.3 s/pixel. As demonstrated, synchrotron radiation nano-XRF revealed the elemental distributions of Ca, Fe, and Zn within this osmoregulatory region on the submicron scale, aiding the exploration of possible detoxification mechanisms of Zn within D. magna at the subtissue level. 相似文献
35.
Validation of a confirmatory method for lipophilic marine toxins in shellfish using UHPLC-HR-Orbitrap MS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gabriel Orellana Julie Vanden Bussche Lieven Van Meulebroek Michiel Vandegehuchte Colin Janssen Lynn Vanhaecke 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(22):5303-5312
Lipophilic marine toxins are produced by harmful microalgae and can accumulate in edible filter feeders such as shellfish, leading to an introduction of toxins into the human food chain, causing different poisoning effects. During the last years, analytical methods, based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), have been consolidated by interlaboratory validations. However, the main drawback of LC-MS/MS methods remains the limited number of compounds that can be analyzed in a single run. Due to the targeted nature of these methods, only known toxins, previously considered during method optimization, will be detected. Therefore in this study, a method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-Orbitrap MS) was developed. Its quantitative performance was evaluated for confirmatory analysis of regulated lipophilic marine toxins in shellfish flesh according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2), azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1), yessotoxin (YTX), and 13-desmethyl spirolide C (SPX-1) were quantified using matrix-matched calibration curves (MMS). For all compounds, the reproducibility ranged from 2.9 to 4.9 %, repeatability from 2.9 to 4.9 %, and recoveries from 82.9 to 113 % at the three different spiked levels. In addition, confirmatory identification of the compounds was effectively performed by the presence of a second diagnostic ion (13C). In conclusion, UHPLC-HR-Orbitrap MS permitted more accurate and faster detection of the target toxins than previously described LC-MS/MS methods. Furthermore, HRMS allows to retrospectively screen for many analogues and metabolites using its full-scan capabilities but also untargeted screening through the use of metabolomics software. Figure
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36.
37.
Selective Extraction of Metal Ions from Aqueous Phase to Ionic Liquids: A Novel Thermodynamic Approach to Separations 下载免费PDF全文
The selective extraction of metals from aqueous mixtures has generally relied on the use of selective ionophores. We present an alternative strategy that exploits a recently developed approach to extraction into an ionic liquid phase, and show that a high degree of control over selectivity can be obtained by tuning the relative concentrations of extraction agents. A thermodynamic model for the approach is presented, and an experimental separation of strontium and potassium ions is performed. It is shown that tuning the concentrations of the species involved can shift the ratio of potassium to strontium in the ionic liquid phase from 4:1 to 3:4. This extraction is performed under mild conditions with relatively common reagents. The result is a proof‐of‐concept for a novel separations scheme that could have great importance in a wide range of technological applications. 相似文献
38.
Bart W. H. Saes Dr. Martijn M. Wienk Prof. René A. J. Janssen 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(62):14221-14228
Introducing solubilizing α-branched alkyl chains on a poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-terthiophene) results in a dramatic change of the structural, optical, and electronic properties compared to the isomeric polymer carrying β-branched alkyl side chains. When branched at the α-position the alkyl substituent creates a steric hindrance that reduces the tendency of the polymer to π–π stack and endows the material with a much higher solubility in common organic solvents. The wider π–π stacking and reduced tendency to crystallize, evidenced from grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, result in a wider optical band gap in the solid state. In solar cells with a fullerene acceptor, the α-branched isomer affords a higher open-circuit voltage, but an overall lower power conversion efficiency as a result of a too well-mixed nanomorphology. Due its reduced π–π stacking, the α-branched isomer fluoresces and affords near-infrared light-emitting diodes emitting at 820 nm. 相似文献
39.
Mengmeng Li Haijun Bin Xuechen Jiao Martijn M. Wienk He Yan Ren A. J. Janssen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(2):846-852
It remains a challenge to precisely tailor the morphology of polymer monolayers to control charge transport. Herein, the effect of the dissolution temperature (Tdis) is investigated as a powerful strategy for morphology control. Low Tdis values cause extended polymer aggregation in solution and induce larger nanofibrils in a monolayer network with more pronounced π–π stacking. The field‐effect mobility of the corresponding monolayer transistors is significantly enhanced by a factor of four compared to devices obtained from high Tdis with a value approaching 1 cm2 V?1 s?1. Besides that, the solution kinetics reveal a higher growth rate of aggregates at low Tdis, and filtration experiments further confirm that the dependence of the fibril width in monolayers on Tdis is consistent with the aggregate size in solution. The generalizability of the Tdis effect on polymer aggregation is demonstrated using three other conjugated polymer systems. These results open new avenues for the precise control of polymer aggregation for high‐mobility monolayer transistors. 相似文献
40.
Xianwen Lou Hans-Gerd Janssen Henri Snijders Carel A. Cramers 《Journal of separation science》1996,19(8):449-456
The influence of pressure drop on retention, selectivity, plate height and resolution was investigated systematically in packed supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) using pure carbon dioxide as the mobile phase. Numerical methods developed previously which enabled the prediction of pressure gradients, diffusivities, capacity factors, plate heights and resolutions along the length of the column were used for the model calculations. The effects of inlet pressure and supercritical fluid flow rate on selectivity and resolution are studied. In packed column SFC with pure carbon dioxide as the mobile phase, the pressure drop can have a significant effect on resolution. The flow rate is shown to have a larger effect than generally realized. The calculated data are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, the variation of the chromatographic parameters along a 5.5 meter long model SFC column is illustrated. The possibilities and limitations of using long packed columns in SFC are discussed. It is demonstrated that long columns with large plate numbers do not necessarily yield better separations. 相似文献