A long-range chiral relay via tertiary amide group in asymmetric catalysis: new amino acid-derived N,P-ligands for copper-catalysed conjugate addition

New N,P-ligands 4-6, derived from valinol and prolinol, respectively, have been developed for the asymmetric, copper(I)-catalysed conjugate addition of diethylzinc to unsaturated ketones; the tertiary amide group has been shown to effectively relay the chiral information from the ligand backbone to the active centre.     

Conventional strain energies of azetidine and phosphetane: Can density functional theory yield reliable results?

The conventional strain energies for azetidine and phosphetane are determined within the isodesmic, homodesmotic, and hyperhomodesmotic models. Optimum equilibrium geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and corresponding electronic energies and zero‐point vibrational energies are computed for all pertinent molecular systems using self‐consistent field theory, second‐order perturbation theory, and density functional theory and using the correlation consistent basis sets cc‐pVDZ, cc‐pVTZ, and cc‐pVQZ. Single point fourth‐order perturbation theory, CCSD, and CCSD(T) calculations using the cc‐pVTZ and the cc‐pVQZ basis sets are computed using the MP2/cc‐pVTZ and MP2/cc‐pVQZ optimized geometries, respectively, to ascertain the contribution of higher order correlation effects and to determine if the quadruple‐zeta valence basis set is needed when higher order correlation is included. In the density functional theory study, eight different functionals are used including B3LYP, wB97XD, and M06‐2X to determine if any functional can yield results similar to those obtained at the CCSD(T) level. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Selection bias in credit scorecard evaluation

Selection bias is a perennial problem when constructing and evaluating scorecards. It is familiar in the context of reject inference, but crops up in many other situations as well. In this paper, we examine the impact of how accepting or rejecting customers using one scorecard leads to biased comparisons of performance between that scorecard and others. This has important implications for organisations seeking to improve or replace scorecards.     

Die colorimetrische Bestimmung kleiner Mengen von Sauerstoff

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

A survey of the issues in consumer credit modelling research

Methods for assessing the credit risk when lending to consumers has been in operation for 50 years. Yet, there are probably now more opportunities and challenges for research into the development of this area than ever before. This paper surveys the development of the methodology, describes the current environment for consumer lending and seeks to identify some of the modelling areas and issues that are actively being researched or should be.     

Good practice in retail credit scorecard assessment

In retail banking, predictive statistical models called ‘scorecards’ are used to assign customers to classes, and hence to appropriate actions or interventions. Such assignments are made on the basis of whether a customer's predicted score is above or below a given threshold. The predictive power of such scorecards gradually deteriorates over time, so that performance needs to be monitored. Common performance measures used in the retail banking sector include the Gini coefficient, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic, the mean difference, and the information value. However, all of these measures use irrelevant information about the magnitude of scores, and fail to use crucial information relating to numbers misclassified. The result is that such measures can sometimes be seriously misleading, resulting in poor quality decisions being made, and mistaken actions being taken. The weaknesses of these measures are illustrated. Performance measures not subject to these risks are defined, and simple numerical illustrations are given.