用于双光子激发荧光寿命显微成像的高重复频率皮秒扫描相机

建立了一台基于新研制的高重复频率皮秒扫描相机的双光子激发荧光寿命显微成像系统,重点介绍所研制的高重复频率皮秒扫描相机。为了在高时间分辨力的同时扩大时间测量范围,实现大面积两维空间高时间分辨取样测量,从而提高采样速率和更有效地发挥扫描相机的作用,设计和研制了一种大面积、高时间分辨力扫描变像管和一种重复频率高达1MHz的斜坡电压扫描电路。基于上述关键部件所研制的扫描相机具有重复频率高、扫描速度可调、时间分辨力高、工作面积大、非线性低、触发晃动小等优点。用钛宝石飞秒激光器作为激光脉冲源,通过脉冲提取器将76MHz的高重复频率降低为1MHz,采用可调延时器和标准具对扫描相机的时间分辨力、扫描速度和非线性进行标定。该系统的时间分辨力达到6.5ps,非线性为2.60%,可测量的时间范围从十几皮秒到几十纳秒。测量了若丹明6G和香豆素314两种标准荧光染料的荧光寿命,取得了与参考文献一致的实验结果。     

无绝缘高温超导双饼线圈的瞬态电热特性分析

无绝缘高温超导线圈具有良好的电热稳定性和机械紧凑性,但其充电过程中却有明显的磁场延迟现象。为详细了解无绝缘高温超导线圈励磁过程的瞬态特性,建立了无绝缘高温超导线圈的同轴圆环等效电路模型。通过绕制一个670匝的无绝缘高温超导双饼线圈,在液氮温度下进行不同充电速率的励磁实验,初步验证了等效电路模型的正确性。基于该模型,针对线圈励磁过程的充电和恒流阶段,仿真得到了线圈各匝的径向电流分布规律和电热损耗特性。     

Catalytic properties of mesoporous materials supported heteropoly acids for Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones

Three mesoporous molecular sieves loaded silicotungstic acids, named HSiW/SBA-15, HSiW/MCM-41, HSiW/MCM-48, were prepared and characterised by XRD, FT-IR, TEM and SEM. The catalytic performance of the prepared materials for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones was carried out in the presence of 30%H₂O₂ under mild conditions. These loading materials were proved to be efficient and reusable catalysts, they all exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones with 30% H₂O₂ as oxidant. Many cyclic ketones were efficiently converted to the corresponding lactones with up to 90% conversions and high selectivities under the optimum reaction conditions.

Cyclic ketones were efficiently oxidised by mesoporous materials sopported silicotungstic acid to the corresponding lactones with 30%H₂O₂ as oxidant. All of the catalysts showed promising recyclability in the reactions.     

Investigation of active-region doping on InAs/GaSb long wave infrared detectors

The eight-band κ·p model is used to establish the energy band structure model of the type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice detectors with a cut-off wavelength of 10.5μm,and the best composition of M-structure in this type of device is calculated theoretically.In addition,we have also experimented on the devices designed with the best performance to investigate the effect of the active region p-type doping temperature on the quantum efficiency of the device.The results show that the modest active region doping temperature(Be:760℃)can improve the quantum efficiency of the device with the best performance,while excessive doping(Be:>760℃)is not conducive to improving the photo response.With the best designed structure and an appropriate doping concentration,a maximum quantum efficiency of 45% is achieved with a resistance-area product of 688?·cm^2,corresponding to a maximum detectivity of 7.35×10^11cm·Hz^1/2/W.     

浸没边界-简化热格子Boltzmann方法研究及其应用

针对流固耦合传热问题,本文提出了一种基于浸没边界-简化热格子玻尔兹曼方法(immersed boundary method-simplified thermal lattice Boltzmann method,IB-STLBM)的耦合模型.不同于传统的格子玻尔兹曼方法使用分布函数演化流场和温度场,简化热格子玻尔兹曼方法(simplified thermal lattice Boltzmann method,STLBM)的演化过程不需要依赖分布函数,只涉及平衡态分布函数和非平衡态分布函数,能够直接演化宏观量,极大减小了计算过程中所占用的虚拟内存,简化了边界条件的实现方式,同时具有较高的稳定性.传统的浸没边界法对流场的计算采用欧拉网格,对固体边界采用拉格朗日网格,认为固体边界是对流场产生某种体积力.在应用浸没边界法时,汲取介观的思想,把固体的介入看作是对流场的干扰,打破了固体附近流体介观微团颗粒原始的平衡状态,这种干扰可以看作是在耦合边界上产生的一个非平衡项,可用非平衡态分布函数来表示.基于此,在模型中浸没边界法与简化热格子玻尔兹曼方法更紧密联系在一起,更大程度发挥二者的优点,整个计算过程更加简单直观,符合物理特性.通过对热圆柱绕流和内含热颗粒的封闭方腔自然对流问题的模拟以及对其结果的分析,验证了该算法在求解流固耦合传热问题的有效性和可行性.      

HTPB复合底排药压缩屈服应力模型研究

目前广泛应用于底排增程技术的 HTPB 复合底排药 (composite base bleed grain,CBBG) 是一种颗粒填充含能材料,战场环境中将承受冲击、温度等载荷作用. 为研究 HTPB CBBG 冲击压缩力学性能,进行了不同温度 (233$\sim$323 K) 和应变率 (1100$\sim$7900 s$^{-1}$) 下的分离式霍普金森压杆实验. 实验结果表明,各工况下,应力应变曲线均呈现屈服-$\!$-应变硬化特征,HTPB CBBG 保持高韧性. 提高应变率和降低温度均导致相同应变下的应力幅值上升,但温度较应变率对HTPB CBBG 冲击压缩力学性能的影响更为显著. 基于所研究温度范围高于 HTPB CBBG 玻璃化转变温度,通过将水平、垂直移位因子与温度的关系表示为 WLF 方程的形式,将时温等效原理引入协同模型,并计及内应力的应变率增强效应,提出了一种新的屈服应力模型.选取参考温度,利用水平、垂直移位因子-$\!$-温度曲线和屈服应力主曲线拟合模型参数.模型预测值与实验数据对比结果表明:该模型可准确表征 233$\sim$323 K 时 HTPB CBBG 屈服应力的双线性应变率相关性,明确了较低和较高应变率时,应变率效应分别主要由内应力和驱动力贡献.      

Mechanochemical Dimerization of Aldoximes to Furoxans

Solvent-free mechanical milling is a new, environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology that is now widely used in the field of organic synthesis. The mechanochemical solvent-free synthesis of furoxans from aldoximes was achieved through dimerization of the in situ generated nitrile oxides in the presence of sodium chloride, Oxone and a base. A variety of furoxans was obtained with up to a 92% yield. The present protocol has the advantages of high reaction efficiency and mild reaction conditions.     

Synthesis, crystal structure and characterization of a 2-D network organic-inorganic hybrid polymer with [α-BW12O40]5? as building blocks

A two-dimensional network compound [Ce(DMF)₄(H₂O)][α-BW₁₂O₄₀]·H₂O·(HDMA)₂ (HDMA = protoned dimethylamine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) was synthesized from α-H₅BW₁₂O₄₀·nH₂O, Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O and DMF and characterized by IR, UV spectra and TG-DTA. The result of the X-ray single crystal diffraction indicates that the crystal is monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, with unit cell dimensional: a = 1.1983(3), b = 2.4216(5), c = 1.9517(4) nm, β = 92.91(3)°, Z = 4, R ₁ = 0.07710, wR ₂ = 0.1416. Structural analysis indicates that every [Ce(DMF)₄(H₂O)]³⁺ building block is surrounded by three adjacent [α-BW₁₂O₄₀]⁵⁻ polyanions, meanwhile, every [α-BW₁₂O₄₀]⁵⁻ polyanion interconnects with three neighboring [Ce(DMF)₄(H₂O)]³⁺ subunits, by making use of which two-dimensional network structure can be constructed. The result of thermogravimetric analysis manifests that the title compound has two-stage weight loss and the decomposition temperature of the title polyanionic framework is 560°C. The electrochemical analysis shows the title polyanion has three-step redox processes in the pH = 4–7 media.     

Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas over Hexaaluminates LaMAl11O19-δ catalysts

A series of M-substituted hexaaluminates LaMAl11O19-δ (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Cu)were prepared and characterized by XRD, XPS, TPR and TGA techniques, respectively. They exhibited different reducibility and catalytic activity for partial oxidation of methane (POM) to synthesis gas. Among the LaMAl11O19-δ samples, LaNiAl11O19-δ showed the best catalytic activity for the topic reaction and selectivity for synthesis gas at 780 ℃ for 2 h. The conversion of CH4 was over 99.2%, and the product selectivity for both CO and H2 was above 90.3%.     

三亚甲基环碳酸酯及2,2-二甲基三亚甲基环碳酸酯开环均聚合*

生物降解聚合物聚三亚甲基环碳酸酯（PTMC）及聚2,2-二甲基三亚甲基环碳酸酯（PDTC）在药物控释载体及其它生物医学技术领域有着良好的应用前景。与脂肪族聚酯不同,PTMC、PDTC降解时,不会产生有害的酸性化合物。PTMC、PDTC主要由三亚甲基环碳酸酯（TMC）及2,2-二甲基三亚甲基环碳酸酯（DTC）开环均聚合制备。本文总结了催化TMC、DTC开环均聚合的不同催化剂及其聚合机理,综述了近年来国内外在TMC、DTC均聚合催化剂开发上的研究进展,并对生物相容性催化剂如稀土催化剂、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe催化剂以及酶催化剂催化TMC、DTC开环聚合的优缺点进行了比较。