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911.
In the present paper, the authors focus on proton conduction pathways in a cubic perovskite KTaO(3) and an orthorhombic perovskite SrZrO(3). Density functional theory with a generalized gradient approximation is used to find proton binding sites. The nudged elastic band method is used to find transition states between minima. With this potential energy map of binding and transition states, adjacency matrices and their analogs identify four types of conduction paths in KTaO(3). Distortions from these paths are seen in SrZrO(3). In both cases, the lowest energy path has an intraoctahedral transfer rate-limiting barrier. A Fourier analysis of the OH stretch in ab initio molecular dynamics simulations revealed a strongly redshifted OH stretch in SrZrO(3) relative to KTaO(3). Hence, an orthorhombic system with a lowest energy conduction path limited by an intraoctahedral barrier can exhibit a redshifted OH stretch.  相似文献   
912.
We report the observation of Kondo physics in a spin-3/2 hole quantum dot. The dot is formed close to pinch-off in a hole quantum wire defined in an undoped AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure. We clearly observe two distinctive hallmarks of quantum dot Kondo physics. First, the Zeeman spin splitting of the zero-bias peak in the differential conductance is independent of the gate voltage. Second, this splitting is twice as large as the splitting for the lowest one-dimensional subband. We show that the Zeeman splitting of the zero-bias peak is highly anisotropic and attribute this to the strong spin-orbit interaction for holes in GaAs.  相似文献   
913.
This study presents and validates a theoretical model for estimating the number of double bonds in triglyceride molecules using magnetic resonance imaging. The model enables reliable estimation of the number of double bonds from a small number of time points, as are typically acquired with chemical shift imaging. Prior knowledge from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) is used to constrain the properties of triglyceride. Validation in oil phantoms shows agreement between the measured number of double bonds and USDA reference values (correlation 0.95, significance P=.0003, slope 0.95±0.31, intercept 0.08±1.24). Feasibility in a human subject was demonstrated using a long breath-hold (43 s) scan.  相似文献   
914.
The structures of [{RhLL'(μ-X)}(2)] [LL' = cod, (CO)(2), (CO)(PPh(3)) or {P(OPh)(3)}(2); X = mt or taz], prepared from [{RhLL'(μ-Cl)}(2)] and HX in the presence of NEt(3), depend on the auxiliary ligands LL'. The head-to-tail arrangement of the two N,S-bridges is accompanied by a rhodium-eclipsed conformation for the majority but the most hindered complex, [{Rh[P(OPh)(3)](2)(μ-taz)}(2)], uniquely adopts a sulfur-eclipsed structure. The least hindered complex, [{Rh(CO)(2)(μ-mt)}(2)], shows intermolecular stacking of mt rings in the solid state. The complexes [{RhLL'(μ-X)}(2)] are chemically oxidised to trinuclear cations, [(RhLL')(3)(μ-X)(2)](+), most probably via reaction of one molecule of the dimer, in the sulfur-eclipsed form, with the fragment [RhLL'](+) formed by oxidative cleavage of a second.  相似文献   
915.
The complexes [Ru(Tai)Cl{=C(H)Ph}(PCy(3))] (4) and [Ru((Ph)Bai)Cl{=C(H)Ph}(PCy(3))] (5) [where Tai = HB(7-azaindolyl)(3) and (Ph)Bai = Ph(H)B(7-azaindolyl)(2)] have been prepared and structurally characterised. The borohydride unit is located in the coordination site trans to the chloride ligand in both complexes. The degree of interaction between the borohydride group and the metal centre was found to be significantly large in both cases. Thermolysis reactions involving complex 4 led to a dehydrogenation reaction forming [Ru(Tai)Cl{PCy(2)(η(2)-C(6)H(9))}] (6) where the benzylidene group acts as a hydrogen acceptor.  相似文献   
916.
Efficient and convenient three-component couplings of an aryl halide, isocyanide, and an amino alcohol under palladium catalysis provide a range of oxazolines and benzoxazoles in excellent yield.  相似文献   
917.
Rotary and diaphragm 6-port 2-position valves have been evaluated as modulators for comprehensive GC. A total transfer methodology was used such that all analyte materials from the primary column were passed to the second separating column. The transfer methodology used repeated short periods of stop flow, but retained good primary column performance since primary carrier flow was partially maintained as pressure equilibrated along the length of the first column. Highly resolved separations of complex samples such as petrol and essential oils were achieved with equivalent performance (in terms of second column resolution) to thermal modulation with flame ionisation detection (FID). The valve modulators tested could outperform thermal modulators for very highly volatile organic species since the modulation process was insensitive to analyte vapour pressure. The diaphragm valve tested showed the best performance and was incorporated with a thermal desorption system to provide a high sensitivity separation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air with LODs for individual VOCs of 2-4 pptV for a 1-L air sample.  相似文献   
918.
The purpose of this work was to purify a protease from Penicillium waksmanii and to determine its biochemical characteristics and specificity. The extracellular protease isolated that was produced by P. waksmanii is a serine protease that is essential for the reproduction and growth of the fungus. The protease isolated showed 32 kDa, and has optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 35 °C towards the substrate Abz-KLRSSKQ-EDDnp. The protease is active in the presence of CaCl2, KCl, and BaCl, and partially inhibited by CuCl2, CoCl2 and totally inhibited by AlCl3 and LiCl. In the presence of 1 M urea, the protease remains 50 % active. The activity of the protease increases 60 % when it is exposed to 0.4 % nonionic surfactant-Triton X-100 and loses 10 % activity in the presence of 0.4 % Tween-80. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis, the protease showed the most specificity for the peptide Abz-KIRSSKQ-EDDnp with k cat/K m of 10,666 mM?1?s?1, followed by the peptide Abz-GLRSSKQ-EDDnp with a k cat/K m of 7,500 mM?1?s?1. Basic and acidic side chain-containing amino acids performed best at subsite S1. Subsites S2, S3, S 2, and S 1, S 3 showed a preference for binding for amino acids with hydrophobic and basic amino acid side chain, respectively. High values of k cat/K m were observed for the subsites S2, S3, and S 2. The sequence of the N-terminus (ANVVQSNVPSWGLARLSSKKTGTTDYTYD) showed high similarity to the fungi Penicillium citrinum and Penicillium chrysogenum, with 89 % of identity at the amino acid level.  相似文献   
919.
The Marshall Islands Program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has completed a series of radiological surveys at Bikini, Rongelap, Utrōk, and Enewetak Atolls in the Marshall Islands designed to take a representative sample of food supplies with emphasis on determining 137Cs activity concentrations in common food plants. Coconuts (Cocos nucifera L.) are the most common and abundant food plant, and provided a common sample type to characterize the level and variability of activity concentrations of 137Cs in plant foods collected from different islands and atolls. Other dominant food types included Pandanus (Pandanus spp.) and breadfruit (Actocarpus spp.). In general, the activity concentration of 137Cs in food plants was found to decrease significantly between the main residence islands on Bikini, Rongelap, Utrōk, and Enewetak Atolls. The mean activity concentration of 137Cs measured in drinking coconut meat and juice was 0.72 (95 % CI 0.68–0.77) and 0.34 (95 % CI 0.30–0.38) Bq g?1, respectively, on Bikini Island; 0.019 (95 % CI 0.017–0.021) and 0.027 (95 % CI 0.023–0.031) Bq g?1, respectively, on Rongelap Island; 0.010 (95 % CI 0.007–0.013) and 0.007 (95 % CI 0.004–0.009) Bq g?1, respectively, on Utrōk Island; and 0.002 (95 % CI 0.0013–0.0024) and 0.002 (95 % CI 0.001–0.0025) Bq g?1, respectively, on Enewetak Island. High levels of variability are reported across all islands. These results will be used to improve the accuracy and reliability of predictive dose assessments, help characterize levels of uncertainty and variability in activity concentrations of fallout radionuclides in plant foods, and allow atoll communities to make informed decisions about resettlement and possible options for cleanup and rehabilitation of islands and atolls.  相似文献   
920.
Abstract

α-Aminoalkylphosphonic acids are analogues of natural aminoacids and as such have been the subject of much research effort over past years1. The diphenyl esters of α- aminoalkylphosphonic acids are particularly potent and show high selectivity as irreversible inhibitors of serine proteinases. Thus far, α-aminoalkylphosphonic acid ester analogues of a number of aliphatic- and aromatic aminoacids have been prepared including valine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine2, and the basic aminoacids ornithine, lysine. etc.3. We have now also prepared the a-diphenyl phosphonate analogues of the acidic aminoacids, aspartic and glutamic4. These have been examined as potential inactivators of serine proteinases exhibiting a P1 specificity for aspartate and glutamate, e.g. S. aureus V8 protease and granzyme B.  相似文献   
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