On Supersymmetric Fermion Lattice Systems

This note provides a C ^*-algebraic framework for supersymmetry. Particularly, we consider fermion lattice models satisfying the simplest supersymmetry relation. Namely, we discuss a restricted sense of supersymmetry without a boson field involved. We construct general supersymmetric C ^*-dynamics in terms of a superderivation and a one-parameter group of automorphisms on the CAR algebra. (We do not introduce Grassmann numbers into our formalism.) We show several basic properties of superderivations on the fermion lattice system. Among others, we establish that superderivations defined on the strictly local algebra are norm-closable. We show a criterion of superderivations on the fermion lattice system for being nilpotent. This criterion can be easily checked and hence yields new supersymmetric fermion lattice models.     

Local fields in Co and Mn Co-doped ZnO

The magnetic properties of ZnO co-doped with 5 at. % Co and 5 at. % Mn(Zn_0.90Co_0.05Mn_0.05O) synthesized by a solid-state reaction were investigated by means of ⁵⁷Co emission Mössbauer spectroscopy. The majority of the probe ions (80 %) residing in defect-free substitutional Zn sites take the oxidation state of ⁵⁷Fe ²⁺, and the others presumably form local defects taking the state of ⁵⁷Fe ³⁺ at room temperature. Both components show doublets, and RT ferromagnetism was thus absent in the sample. For the measurement at 10 K, spectral broadening was observed, implying a possible presence of a weak magnetic component.     

Three-step drug extraction from a single sub-millimeter segment of hair and nail to determine the exact day of drug intake

Hair and nails are often used to prove drug intake over several months. However, it is impossible to determine the day of drug intake by conventional segmental analysis of bulk samples. To improve this segmental analysis, we prepared accurate 0.4-mm hair and 0.2-mm nail segments, which correspond to their respective growth rates of 1–2 days, using a tissue slicer. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient method to extract drugs from a single sub-millimeter segment of hair and nail. Hair and nails were collected from a subject who was administered a single dose of chlorpheniramine. Four drug extraction methods based on different principles such as sonication, microwaves, micropulverization, and alkaline dissolution were compared. Short-duration sonication followed by long-duration soaking served the aim. Drug extraction from a sub-millimeter segment was performed in three steps as follows: a segment was first washed, followed by sonication for 10 min soaking in the extraction solution for 24 h. The drug concentrations in the three extracts from each segment were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Each concentration was displayed on a single hair strand and a single nail block so that the first, second, and third extracts corresponded to components on the surface, in the outer layer, and within the sample, respectively. The distribution of chlorpheniramine in a hair successfully reflected the intake history. This method can be used in the future to measure the detailed distribution of drugs in a single hair and nail.     

The Effects of Ultraviolet Eye Irradiation on Dextran Sodium Sulfate‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

Ultraviolet (UV) eye irradiation denatures the cells of the intestine. This study examined the action of UVA and UVB on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced ulcerative colitis. We produced a mouse model of ulcerative colitis by administering DSS for 5 days and irradiated the eye with UVB or UVA for each day of the DSS treatment period. DSS‐induced ulcerative colitis was deteriorated by the UVB eye irradiation. Conversely, the symptoms improved with UVA eye irradiation. The levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH), urocortin 2, interleukin (IL)‐18, IL‐6 and histamine in the blood increased after the UVB eye irradiation of DSS‐treated mice (UVB/DSS‐treated mice). In contrast, the β‐endorphin level in the blood of the UVA/DSS‐treated mice increased and the levels of urocortin 2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and histamine decreased. Furthermore, in the colon, the expression of melanocortin‐2 receptors (MC2R) increased in the UVB/DSS‐treated mice, while the expression of μ‐opioid receptors increased in the UVA/DSS‐treated mice. When an ACTH inhibitor was administered, UVB eye irradiation caused the deterioration of DSS‐treated ulcerative colitis, while the effect of UV eye irradiation disappeared with a μ‐opioid receptor antagonist. These results suggested that UV eye irradiation plays an important role in DSS‐induced ulcerative colitis.     

A note on the independence of premiss rule

In this note, we prove that certain theories of (many‐sorted) intuitionistic predicate logic are closed under the independence of premiss rule (IPR). As corollaries, we show that and extended by some non‐classical axioms and non‐constructive axioms are closed under IPR.     

Thermally Induced Intra‐Carboxyl Proton Shuttle in a Molecular Rack‐and‐Pinion Cascade Achieving Macroscopic Crystal Deformation

Proton transport via dynamic molecules is ubiquitous in chemistry and biology. However, its use as a switching mechanism for properties in functional molecular assemblies is far less common. In this study, we demonstrate how an intra‐carboxyl proton shuttle can be generated in a molecular assembly akin to a rack‐and‐pinion cascade via a thermally induced single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal phase transition. In a triply interpenetrated supramolecular organic framework (SOF), a 4,4′‐azopyridine (azpy) molecule connects to two biphenyl‐3,3′,5,5′‐tetracarboxylic acid (H₄BPTC) molecules to form a functional molecular system with switchable mechanical properties. A temperature change reversibly triggers a molecular movement akin to a rack‐and‐pinion cascade, which mainly involves 1) an intra‐carboxyl proton shuttle coupled with tilting of the azo molecules and azo pedal motion and 2) H₄BPTC translation. Moreover, both the molecular motions are collective, and being propagated across the entire framework, leading to a macroscopic crystal expansion and contraction.     

Determination and purification of sesamin and sesamolin in sesame seed oil unsaponified matter using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and tandem mass spectrometry and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography

In Asian countries, sesame seed oil unsaponified matter is used as a natural food additive due to its associated antioxidant effects. We determined and purified the primary lignans sesamin and sesamolin in sesame seed oil unsaponified matter using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and tandem mass spectrometry and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography. Calibration curves showed good correlation coefficients (r² > 0.999, range 0.08 and/or 0.15 to 5 μg/mL) with a limit of detection (at 290 nm) of 0.02 μg/mL for sesamin and 0.04 μg/mL for sesamolin. Sesame seed oil unsaponified matter contained 2.82% sesamin and 2.54% sesamolin, respectively. Direct qualitative analysis of sesamin and sesamolin was achieved using quadrupole mass spectrometry with positive‐mode electrospray ionization. Pure (>99%) sesamin and sesamolin standards were obtained using high‐speed countercurrent chromatographic purification (hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water; 7:3:7:3). An effective method for determining and purifying sesamin and sesamolin from sesame seed oil unsaponified matter was developed by combining these separation techniques for standardized food additives.     

An efficient and scalable synthesis of substituted phenanthrenequinones by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction of imidazolides

An efficient synthesis of 9,10-phenanthrenequinones is described. The two carbonyl groups were introduced by an orthoselective intermolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction of 3-methoxyphenol with ethyl chlorooxoacetate. The formation of a biaryl bond by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, followed by the hydrolysis of the ester, gave a biaryloxoacetic acid. Treatment of this acid with CDI gave the corresponding imidazolide. The ring closure to the desired phenanthrenequinone was accomplished by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction of the imidazolide promoted by TiCl(4).