疾病传播与级联失效相互作用的研究:度不相关网络中疾病扩散条件的分析

在网络科学中,对疾病传播和级联失效的研究分属两个独立的领域,但在实际中存在许多两个过程相互耦合的情况. 比如在通信网络中,病毒传播会对数据传输造成影响,导致网络中负载变化,进而可能引发级联失效. 这个现象已被观察到. 通过建立两个动态过程相互作用的模型及针对该模型的分析,本文给出了计入节点的负载和容量时疾病爆发的条件. 这一条件是由描述疾病传播速率的传播概率与描述节点容量大小的冗余系数共同决定的. 进一步探讨表明,当疾病传播速率一定而冗余系数变化时,疾病恰好开始传播的临界点附近未感染且未失效的节点的数量是最大的,即在此点上网络处于最佳工作状态. 因此给出疾病爆发的临界条件具有重要意义. 关键词： 复杂网络 疾病传播 级联失效     

Quadrupolar matter-wave soliton in two-dimensional free space

We study two-dimensional (2D) matter-wave solitons in the mean-field models formed by electric quadrupole particles with long-range quadrupole–quadrupole interaction (QQI) in 2D free space. The existence of 2D matter-wave solitons in the free space was predicted using the 2D Gross–Pitaevskii Equation (GPE). We find that the QQI solitons have a higher mass (smaller size and higher intensity) and stronger anisotropy than the dipole–dipole interaction (DDI) solitons under the same environmental parameters. Anisotropic soliton–soliton interaction between two identical QQI solitons in 2D free space is studied. Moreover, stable anisotropic dipole solitons are observed, to our knowledge, for the first time in 2D free space under anisotropic nonlocal cubic nonlinearity.     

Investigations on optically controlled millimeter wave Gunn oscillators

There is a growing interest in optically controlled millimeter wave oscillators. In this paper, we have investigated the external-circuit impedances of an optically controlled millimeter wave subharmonic Gunn diode oscillator, which is illuminated by GaAs/GaAlAs laser beam. The variation of the external-circuit impedances looking outward from the Gunn diode with respect to the optical injection plasma density are calculated based on a field analysis method. The results give some useful conclusions for optically controlled millimeter wave Gunn diode oscillator design. Experimentally an optical tuning frequency shift of 7MHz is achieved at W-band.     

Inclusive excitation-energy distributions of hot nuclei from 44 MeV/nucleon Ar- and 32 MeV/nucleon Kr-induced reactions

Inclusive neutron multiplicity distributions were measured by means of 4π liquid-scintillator detectors for Ar and Kr-induced reactions at 44 MeV/nucleon and 32 MeV/nucleon, respectively. For all the systems studied, the observed distributions exhibit a bump structure at large multiplicity, corresponding to highly dissipative collisions. For Ar-induced reactions, the excitation energies necessary to explain the most probable neutron multiplicity associated with these dissipative collisions are estimated, the correspondence between excitation energy and neutron multiplicity being calculated in the framework of the statistical model. The so-obtained values of excitation energies, which are systematically lower than those predicted using the massive-transfer picture, are discussed.     

无限长圆管中任意轴对称体绕中心轴旋转的小Re数问题

本文以Sampson旋转子在圆管中反演得到的无穷级数作为基本奇点,对分布函数采用离散奇点线分布法和分段二次抛物分布法,解决了任意轴对称体在无限长圆管中绕中心轴旋转的Stokes流动问題。通过对长球的数值计算,比较了两种方法,结果表明分段二次抛物分布法各方面都优于离散法。此外,本文还研究球串在无穷长圆管中绕中心轴旋转的小Re数问题,第一次给出了每个球所受的阻力矩系数。     

Detection and tracking strategy for license plate detection in video

In this paper, we present a novel method to detect license plates in video sequences automatically. The framework mainly integrates the cascade detectors method and the Tracking Learning Detection (TLD) algorithm. The cascade detectors are used to detect license plates, and the TLD algorithm is adopted to track the license plate regions. The license plates in the first frame image are detected by the cascade detectors to build the original tracking list, the tracking results and the detection results in following frames will be compared, and the newly appearing license plate information will be added to the tracking list. Meanwhile, the tracking results existing in the current tracking list would be replaced by the corresponding detection results with higher degree of confidence. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm for license plate detection task on a road intersection dataset, and the experimental evaluation shows the detection performance has been greatly improved by synthetically using the detection and tracking strategy.     

Edge-Colorings with No Large Polychromatic Stars

 Given a graph G and a positive integer r, let f _r (G) denote the largest number of colors that can be used in a coloring of E(G) such that each vertex is incident to at most r colors. For all positive integers n and r, we determine f _r (K _n,n ) exactly and f _r (K _n ) within 1. In doing so, we disprove a conjecture by Manoussakis, Spyratos, Tuza and Voigt in [4]. Received: May 17, 1999 Final version received: January 12, 2000     

物理学习不良习惯和教学对策

在物理学习的过程中,学生几乎每天都要接触到大量的新的物理知识和概念、新的物理规律和物理研究的方法,很多学生为了学好物理也付出了大量的精力和时间,如在课前进行认真预习,课上认真听讲,课后认真完成物理作业等,也摸索了适合自己的一些学习方法,但还有一些学生总会出现对知识一知半解甚至难以理解的情况.     

Double-Wronskian solitons and rogue waves for the inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation in an inhomogeneous plasma

Plasmas are the main constituent of the Universe and the cause of a vast variety of astrophysical, space and terrestrial phenomena. The inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation is hereby investigated, which describes the propagation of an electron plasma wave packet with a large wavelength and small amplitude in a medium with a parabolic density and constant interactional damping. By virtue of the double Wronskian identities, the equation is proved to possess the double-Wronskian soliton solutions. Analytic one- and two-soliton solutions are discussed. Amplitude and velocity of the soliton are related to the damping coefficient. Asymptotic analysis is applied for us to investigate the interaction between the two solitons. Overtaking interaction, head-on interaction and bound state of the two solitons are given. From the non-zero potential Lax pair, the first- and second-order rogue-wave solutions are constructed via a generalized Darboux transformation, and influence of the linear and parabolic density profiles on the background density and amplitude of the rogue wave is discussed.     

Real-Time Generation of Dynamic Infrared Scene

Although many models have been put forward to realize static infrared scene, they could not generate dynamic infrared scene real time in interactive way. In this paper a new method is proposed to solve the problem. We first model the targets and background of infrared scene based on the hybrid way of geometry and multi-spectral texture images. Then considering the attenuation effect of atmosphere and the noise mechanic of infrared image sensor, we present an infrared depth image model to generate dynamic images of the objects in the scene from different viewpoint. The complexity of infrared dynamic scene is thus reduced greatly and the reality of infrared scene is improved. Finally, real-time walkthrough for infrared scene is successfully realized and the average walkthrough speed is larger than 25 frames per second.