Thermal Decomposition and Dehydration Kinetics of Tetra(piperidinium) Octamolybdate Tetrahydrate in Air

Thermal decomposition of tetra(piperidinium) octamolybdate tetrahydrate, [C₅H₁₀NH₂]₄[Mo₈O₂₆]·4H₂O, was investigated in air by means of TG‐DTG/DTA, DSC, TG‐IR and SEM. TG‐DTG/DTA curves showed that the decomposition proceeded through three well‐defined steps with DTA peaks closely corresponding to mass loss obtained. Kinetics analysis of its dehydration step was performed under non‐isothermal conditions. The dehydration activation energy was calculated through Friedman and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO) methods, and the best‐fit dehydration kinetic model function was estimated through the multiple linear regression method. The activation energy for the dehydration step of [C₅H₁₀NH₂]₄[Mo₈O₂₆]·4H₂O was 139.7 kJ/mol. The solid particles became smaller accompanied by the thermal decomposition of the title compound.     

Synthesis and characterization of α-{ 3-[2-hydroxy-3- （N-methyl-N-hydroxy-ethylamino）propoxy]propyl}-ω- butylpolydimethylsiloxanes

α-{ 3-[2-hydroxy-3-（N-methyl-N-hydroxyethylamino）propoxy]propyl }-α-butylpolydimethylsiloxanes III with various molecu- lar weights were prepared by epoxy addition of α-[3-（2,3-epoxy-propoxy）propyl]-α-butylpolydimethylsiloxanes Ⅱ and N- methylmonoethanolamine. At each step, the outcome compounds were characterized through FT-IR and NMR spectra, the results showed that each step was successfully carried out and objective products were achieved.     

Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Study of Self‐assembled Monolayer of Phytic Acid on Brass

Phytic acid is an environment-friendly reagent for processing metals. The anticorrosion and inhibiting mechanism for phytic acid monolayers self-assembled on a brass (HSn70-1) electrode has been investigated by using electrochemical and photocurrent response methods. The electrochemical measurements indicate that phytic acid is liable to form surface complexes on the brass electrode, and the self-assembled monolayers (SAM) change the structure of the electric double-layer and shift the potential of zero charge positively. The photochemical measurement indicates that the brass electrode shows a p-type photoresponse owing to the formation of a Cu2O layer on its surface, and the presence of SAM weakens significantly the photoresponse, suggesting an excellent effect on anticorrosion, which is consistent with the EIS and polarization curve measurements. Adsorption of phytic acid was found to be typical of chemisorption, which can be reasonably described on the basis of the Langmuir isotherm.     

Bio-Inspired Aerobic-Hydrophobic Janus Interface on Partially Carbonized Iron Heterostructure Promotes Bifunctional Nitrogen Fixation

Competition from hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions and low solubility of N₂ in aqueous systems limited the selectivity and activity on nitrogen fixation reaction. Herein, we design an aerobic-hydrophobic Janus structure by introducing fluorinated modification on porous carbon nanofibers embedded with partially carbonized iron heterojunctions (Fe₃C/Fe@PCNF-F). The simulations prove that the Janus structure can keep the internal Fe₃C/Fe@PCNF-F away from water infiltration and endow a N₂ molecular-concentrating effect, suppressing the competing reactions and overcoming the mass-transfer limitations to build a robust “quasi-solid–gas” state micro-domain around the catalyst surface. In this proof-of-concept system, the Fe₃C/Fe@PCNF-F exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for nitrogen fixation (NH₃ yield rate up to 29.2 μg h⁻¹ mg⁻¹_cat. and Faraday efficiency (FE) up to 27.8 % in nitrogen reduction reaction; NO₃⁻ yield rate up to 15.7 μg h⁻¹ mg⁻¹_cat. and FE up to 3.4 % in nitrogen oxidation reaction).     

Ru(II) complexes of tetradentate ligands related to 2,9-di(pyrid-2'-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline

A series of 1,10-phenanthrolines were prepared having additional ligating substituents at the 2,9-positions. These substituents were either a 4-substituted pyrid-2-yl, quinolin-2-yl, 1,8-naphthyrid-2-yl, N-methyl imidazo-2-yl, or N-methyl benzimidazo-2-yl group. Additionally, 3,6-di-(pyrid-2'-yl)-dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine was prepared. All but two of these ligands coordinated Ru(II) in a tetradentate equatorial fashion with two 4-methylpyridines bound in the axial sites. An X-ray structure analysis of the diimidazoyl system indicates considerable distortion from square planar geometry in the equatorial plane. Previously reported variations in the axial ligand for such complexes appear to have a stronger effect on the electronic absorption and redox properties of the system than similar changes in the equatorial ligand. In the presence of excess Ce(IV) as a sacrificial oxidant at pH 1, all the systems examined catalyze the decomposition of water to generate oxygen. Turnover numbers are modest, ranging from 146 to 416.     

一种新型固体酸的制备及其在二（1-萘）甲烷加氢裂解中的催化性能

煤直接液化制取轻质燃料油和重要化学品是实现煤炭资源高效洁净利用的有效途径。煤液化的关键是在适当的温度、氢压、溶剂和催化剂存在的条件下,通过加氢裂解反应使连接煤中有机质大分子结构单元的较弱的桥键断裂生成可作为液体燃料的有机小分子,经后续的精细分离得到高附加值有机化学品和制备高性能炭材料前驱体,进而实现煤炭资源的高效利用。传统的煤液化工艺反应条件苛刻,需要高温和高氢压,导致能耗大和设备成本较高。酸性催化剂可使煤结构中的桥键在远低于煤热解反应的温度下断裂,并可有效除去煤中的杂原子,大幅提高液化油收率,因此酸性催化剂得到许多研究者关注。液体酸,如三氟甲磺酸、氟硼酸以及金属卤化物熔盐等均相酸性催化剂是煤液化工艺中常用的催化剂。虽然这些催化剂具有催化效率高和不易失活等优点,但大多数均相催化剂难以回收和再生,生产成本高,设备腐蚀性大,环境污染严重,因此在实际应用中受到限制。固体酸是具有广泛工业应用前景的环境友好催化剂,因而对固体酸的研究具有重要意义。本研究将液体三氟甲磺酸(TFMSA)通过浸渍吸附法负载到酸化的凹凸棒土(ATA)上制备了一种新型固体酸催化剂 TFMSA/ATA,并在相同条件下制备了 TFMSA/g-Al2O3和 TFMSA/ZSM-5作为对比。对TFMSA/ATA进行了透射电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射、N2吸附以及 NH3程序升温脱附表征。结果表明, TFMSA有效负载于 ATA载体表面及孔隙中,未发现明显的团聚,载体与活性组分之间存在较强的相互作用;另外, TFMSA/ATA上出现超强酸位点,说明 TFMSA/ATA具有超强酸性。以二(1-萘)甲烷加氢裂解作为探针反应考察了 TFMSA/ATA对 Car–Calk桥键断裂的催化活性。结果表明,二(1-萘)甲烷在 N2气氛和甲醇溶剂中选择性地加氢裂解,仅得到萘和1-甲基萘,未检测到加氢产物,且产物萘的收率明显高于1-甲基萘的收率,说明 TFMSA/ATA对二(1-萘)甲烷选择性加氢裂解和由此产生的1-甲基萘脱甲基反应有显著的促进作用。在相同反应条件下, TFMSA/ATA的活性明显高于 TFMSA/g-Al2O3和 TFMSA/ZSM-5,这是由于 TFMSA/ATA较大的比表面积以及载体 ATA与活性组分 TFMSA之间存在较强的相互作用有利于催化剂释放质子。由催化剂释放的质子优先进攻二(1-萘)甲烷中的取代位导致 Car–Calk键断裂是二(1-萘)甲烷加氢裂解的关键步骤。催化剂循环实验表明, TFMSA/ATA在循环使用4次后仍具有较高的催化活性,使用后催化剂酸性没有明显降低,说明 TFMSA/ATA具有良好的稳定性。     

An Alignment Medium for Measuring Residual Dipolar Couplings in Pure DMSO: Liquid Crystals from Graphene Oxide Grafted with Polymer Brushes

Residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) have attracted attention in light of their great impact on the structural elucidation of organic molecules. However, the effectiveness of RDC measurements is limited by the shortage of alignment media compatible with widely used organic solvents, such as DMSO. Herein, we present the first liquid crystal (LC) based alignment medium that is compatible with pure DMSO, thus enabling RDC measurements of polar and intermediate polarity molecules. The liquid crystals were obtained by grafting polymer brushes onto graphene oxide (GO) using free radical polymerization. The resulting new medium offers several advantages, such as absence of background signals, narrow line shapes, and tunable alignment. Importantly, this medium is compatible with π‐conjugated molecules. Moreover, sonication‐induced fragmentation can reduce the size of GO sheets. The resulting anisotropic medium has moderate alignment strength, which is a prerequisite for an accurate RDC measurement.     

A Biodegradable Polydopamine‐Derived Electrode Material for High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Polydopamine (PDA), which is biodegradable and is derived from naturally occurring products, can be employed as an electrode material, wherein controllable partial oxidization plays a key role in balancing the proportion of redox‐active carbonyl groups and the structural stability and conductivity. Unexpectedly, the optimized PDA derivative endows lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) or sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with superior electrochemical performances, including high capacities (1818 mAh g^?1 for LIBs and 500 mAh g^?1 for SIBs) and good stable cyclabilities (93 % capacity retention after 580 cycles for LIBs; 100 % capacity retention after 1024 cycles for SIBs), which are much better than those of their counterparts with conventional binders.     

Fixed points of meromorphic functions and of their differences,divided differences and shifts

Let f(z) be a finite order meromorphic function and let c∈C\{0} be a constant.If f(z)has a Borel exceptional value a∈C,it is proved that max{τ(f(z)),τ(△_cf(z))}=max{τ(f(z)),τ(f(z+c))}=max{τ(△_cf(z)),τ(f(z+c))}=σ(f(z)).If f(z) has a Borel exceptional value b∈(C\{0})∪{∞},it is proved that max{τ(f(z)),τ(△cf(z)/f(z))}=max{τ(△cf(z)/f(z)),τ(f(z+c))}=σ(f(z)) unless f(z) takes a special form.Here τ(g(z)) denotes the exponent of convergence of fixed points of the meromorphic function g(z),and σ(g(z)) denotes the order of growth of g(z).     

Simple method for synthesizing few-layer graphene as cathodes in surface-enabled lithium ion-exchanging cells

In order to realize a wider application for graphene materials specifically in the field of energy storage, a simple and mass-scalable method described as “the atmospheric, low-temperature, shock-heating process” is proposed in this work. During this low-temperature process, the graphite oxide without pre-treatment is completely exfoliated to form the few-layer graphene materials at atmospheric conditions. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-specific surface area of acquired material at 350 °C can reach 487 m² g^?1. The acquired few-layer graphene materials are also confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results demonstrate that this simple method is feasible for synthesizing the few-layer graphene materials. Besides that, the acquired graphene is also used as the cathode material in the surface-enabled lithium ion-exchanging cell. The galvanostatic charge/discharge tests show that the graphene prepared from this method is suitable for this system and displays a satisfactory electrochemical performance. The acquired graphene sample exhibits the reversible capacities of around 187, 107, 84, 58, and 45 mAh g^?1 at 0.1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 A g^?1, respectively. At the current density of 0.5 A g^?1, the capacity retention can reach 75 % after 2000 cycles.