Investigation of active-region doping on InAs/GaSb long wave infrared detectors

The eight-band κ·p model is used to establish the energy band structure model of the type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice detectors with a cut-off wavelength of 10.5μm,and the best composition of M-structure in this type of device is calculated theoretically.In addition,we have also experimented on the devices designed with the best performance to investigate the effect of the active region p-type doping temperature on the quantum efficiency of the device.The results show that the modest active region doping temperature(Be:760℃)can improve the quantum efficiency of the device with the best performance,while excessive doping(Be:>760℃)is not conducive to improving the photo response.With the best designed structure and an appropriate doping concentration,a maximum quantum efficiency of 45% is achieved with a resistance-area product of 688?·cm^2,corresponding to a maximum detectivity of 7.35×10^11cm·Hz^1/2/W.     

Gravitational wave imprint of new symmetry breaking

It is believed that there are more fundamental gauge symmetries beyond those described by the Standard Model of particle physics. The scales of these new gauge symmetries are usually too high to be reachable by particle colliders. Considering that the phase transition (PT) relating to the spontaneous breaking of new gauge symmetries to the electroweak symmetry might be strongly first order, we propose considering the stochastic gravitational waves (GW) arising from this phase transition as an indirect way of detecting these new fundamental gauge symmetries. As an illustration, we explore the possibility of detecting the stochastic GW generated from the PT of begin{document}$ {bf{B}}-{bf{L}}$end{document} in the space-based interferometer detectors. Our study demonstrates that the GW energy spectrum is reachable by the LISA, Tianqin, Taiji, BBO, and DECIGO experiments only for the case where the spontaneous breaking of begin{document}$ {bf{B}}-{bf{L}}$end{document} is triggered by at least two electroweak singlet scalars.     

On the Variability of Heart Rate Variability—Evidence from Prospective Study of Healthy Young College Students

Heart rate variability (HRV) has been widely used as indices for autonomic regulation, including linear analyses, entropy and multi-scale entropy based nonlinear analyses, and however, it is strongly influenced by the conditions under which the signal is being recorded. To investigate the variability of healthy HRV under different settings, we recorded electrocardiograph (ECG) signals from 56 healthy young college students (20 h for each participant) at campus using wearable single-lead ECG device. Accurate R peak to R peak (RR) intervals were extracted by combing the advantages of five commonly used R-peak detection algorithms to eliminate data quality influence. Thorough and detailed linear and nonlinear HRV analyses were performed. Variability of HRV metrics were evaluated from five categories: (1) different states of daily activities; (2) different recording time period in the same day during free-running daily activities; (3) body postures of sitting and lying; (4) lying on the left, right and back; and (5) gender influence. For most of the analyzed HRV metrics, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among different recording conditions within the five categories except lying on different positions. Results suggested that the standardization of ECG data collection and HRV analysis should be implemented in HRV related studies, especially for entropy and multi-scale entropy based analyses. Furthermore, this preliminary study provides reference values of HRV indices under various recording conditions of healthy young subjects that could be useful information for different applications (e.g., health monitoring and management).     

Different entanglement dynamics and transfer behaviors due to dipole-dipole interaction

We analyze entanglement dynamics and transfer in a system composed of two initially correlated two-level atoms, in which each atom is coupled with another atom interacting with its own reservoir. Considering atomic dipole-dipole interactions, the results show that dipole-dipole interactions restrain the entanglement birth of the reservoirs, and a parametric region of dipole-dipole interaction strength exists in which the maximal entanglement of two initially uncorrelated atoms is reduced. The transfer of entanglement shows obvious different behaviors in two initial Bell-like states.     

Suppression of Anderson localization in a graphene sheet applied by a random voltage pattern

We theoretically study the transport of electronic waves through a graphene sheet applied by a random voltage pattern in which the magnitudes and/or the widths of the voltages are random. When the magnitudes of the voltages exceed the electronic energy, the applied region can be considered as left-handed (LH) layers. Compared to the disordered structures with right-handed (RH) layers only, the spectra of the (average) density of states and the localization lengths in mixed random structures with RH and LH layers all show the suppression of Anderson localization, owing to the phase compensation effect of LH layers that reduces the long-range interference in the random system.     

Theoretical investigation of high-order harmonic generation from asymmetric molecular ions in the chirped laser field

High-order harmonic generation from the asymmetric helium hydrogen molecular ion exposed to a few-cycle chirped laser field is theoretically investigated by numerically solving the reduced one-dimension non-Born–Oppenheimer time dependent Schrödinger equation. The numerical results show that the plateau of the high-order harmonic spectrum is dramatically broadened and smoother with the introduction of the chirp. Further study presents that only the short quantum path contributes to harmonic emission and the long quantum path disappears in the chirped laser. In addition, an 80-as isolated attosecond pulse is obtained by superposing the harmonics from the 100th to the 130th order in the chirped field. The time-frequency distributions and the electronic probability distributions are presented to explain the underlying physical mechanism.     

Toughening of Propylene‐ethylene Copolymer/Calcium Carbonate Composites with High‐Density Polyethylene

Propylene‐ethylene copolymer/calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) composites (weight ratio=50/50) toughened with high density polyethylene (HDPE) were prepared using a twin‐screw extruder; the HDPE content in composites was in the range of 0–4 wt.%. The notched impact strength of propylene‐ethylene copolymer/CaCO₃ composites with 1.5 wt.% HDPE was 46% higher than that of propylene‐ethylene copolymer/CaCO₃ composites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments showed that good miscibility between propylene‐ethylene copolymer and HDPE enhanced the interpenetration of the macromolecules located in the interface. It was shown that debonding of the small HDPE particles within the propylene‐ethylene copolymer matrix resulted in the formation of small voids; the subsequent plastic deformation of the propylene‐ethylene copolymer matrix next to the voids thinned the ligaments and led to large energy consumption.     

Onset of quark-hadron duality in pion electroproduction

A large data set of charged-pion (pi+/-) electroproduction from both hydrogen and deuterium targets has been obtained spanning the low-energy residual-mass region. These data conclusively show the onset of the quark-hadron duality phenomenon, as predicted for high-energy hadron electroproduction. We construct several ratios from these data to exhibit the relation of this phenomenon to the high-energy factorization ansatz of electron-quark scattering and subsequent quark-->pion production mechanisms.     

Sonochemical fabrication of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide for biosensors

This study synthesized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles of 30–40 nm by a sonochemical method, and these particles were uniformly dispersed on the reduced graphene oxide sheets (Fe₃O₄/RGO). The superparamagnetic property of Fe₃O₄/RGO was evidenced from a saturated magnetization of 30 emu/g tested by a sample-vibrating magnetometer. Based on the testing results, we proposed a mechanism of ultrasonic waves to explain the formation and dispersion of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles on RGO. A biosensor was fabricated by modifying a glassy carbon electrode with the combination of Fe₃O₄/RGO and hemoglobin. The biosensor showed an excellent electrocatalytic reduction toward H₂O₂ at a wide, linear range from 4 × 10^?6 to 1 × 10^?3 M (R² = 0.994) as examined by amperometry, and with a detection limit of 2 × 10^?6 M. The high performance of H₂O₂ detection is attributed to the synergistic effect of the combination of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and RGO, promoting the electron transfer between the peroxide and electrode surface.     

Action detection by double hierarchical multi-structure space–time statistical matching model

Aimed at the complex information in videos and low detection efficiency, an actions detection model based on neighboring Gaussian structure and 3D LARK features is put forward. We exploit a double hierarchical multi-structure space–time statistical matching model (DMSM) in temporal action localization. First, a neighboring Gaussian structure is presented to describe the multi-scale structural relationship. Then, a space–time statistical matching method is proposed to achieve two similarity matrices on both large and small scales, which combines double hierarchical structural constraints in model by both the neighboring Gaussian structure and the 3D LARK local structure. Finally, the double hierarchical similarity is fused and analyzed to detect actions. Besides, the multi-scale composite template extends the model application into multi-view. Experimental results of DMSM on the complex visual tracker benchmark data sets and THUMOS 2014 data sets show the promising performance. Compared with other state-of-the-art algorithm, DMSM achieves superior performances.