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91.
Hahn FE Wittenbecher L Le Van D Fröhlich R 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2000,39(3):541-544
Evidence for the Wanzlick equilibrium between carbene 1 and dibenzotetraazafulvalene (1)(2) at ambient temperature has been found (see scheme). Enetetramines of type (1)(2) can also be cleaved by coordinatively unsaturated transition metal compounds to form dicarbene complexes. 相似文献
92.
93.
The temperature dependance of efficiency and decay of the ultraviolet and green luminescence bands at UV- and cathode ray-excitation is investigated. In addition to earlier results the Riehl-effect is only observed when excited by cathode rays. The UV-band decays hyperbolically at all temperatures while the decay of the green band depends on kind and intensity of the excitation as well as on temperature. The results can be interpreted by considering the increasing number of electrons in the conduction band under different kinds of excitation and the variation of conductivity with temperature. Furthermore, the glow curves of various ZnO-samples (untreated and annealed in reducing atmosphere) show one or two peaks respectively, thus revealing two trap depths. As the light sum increases with the efficiency it is assumed that by reduction both activators and traps are created. The occurrence of thermoluminescence with many conduction electrons being present leads to the assumption of hole traps. 相似文献
94.
Egbert Hahn Johanna Fruwert und Heinz Böhlig 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1984,115(8-9):935-942
Comparable force fields for HCOO–, HFCO, HClCO and HDCO have been calculated on the basis of internal coordinates. Linear relations between (i) the carbonyl bond order and the carbonyl stretching force constant, (ii) the sum of the three in-plane bending force constants and the hydrogen out-of-plane force constantf
, (iii) a combination of orbital electronegativities andf
, have been obtained. The observed in-plane vibrational frequencies have been calculated with an average error of 6.3 cm–1 or 0.4%. 相似文献
95.
Mg2TiO4:Cr3+ annealed at 560°C shows luminescence properties which differ considerably from those of the unannealed phosphor used so far. In both cases the regular Cr3+ ions only absorb the irradiated energy transferring it radiationless to the real luminescence centres, but the annealed phosphor reveals a new spectrum consisting of a few sharp lines. The radiance of the single lines can be influenced by powdering, which in connection with the annealing effect shows that the centres of both types of phosphors consist of clusters of lattice defects and octahedrally coordinated Cr3+ ions. These clusters or associates form themselves by thermal diffusion during the annealing process. Furthermore criteria have been found showing that the R lines do not come from only one but from two Cr3+ ions situated in non-equivalent lattice sites. 相似文献
96.
Synchrotron radiation with its intense continuum and its excellent time structure has been exploited for time resolved luminescence spectroscopy in the solid state. By selective excitation of n = 1, n′ = 2 exciton states of Xe, Kr and Ar atoms in a neon matrix we were able to identify the emitting states involved. Lifetimes within the cascade of radiative and radiationless relaxation between excited states as well as the radiative lifetimes for transitions to the ground state have been derived from the decay curves. Energy positions and radiative lifetimes of the emitting states correspond quite well with those of the free atoms. Radiative and radiationless relaxation processes take place within the manifold of excited states of the guest atoms. The rate constants for radiationless decay confirm an energy gap law. The order of the radiationless processes reaches in some cases extremely high values. Selection rules for spin and angular momentum are essential to understand the observed radiationless transition rates. 相似文献
97.
An outbreak of anthrax in a single homogeneous geographical region is modelled. The spread of the disease to neigbouring regions is also simulated and the model is compared with data from the 1970 epizoötic in the Kruger National Park.Two possible driving mechanisms for the epizoötic are proposed and examined, viz. environmental contamination or direct contact between vulnerable animals and fresh carcases. In the latter case, it is shown that the model exhibits a threshold effect, in that an epizoötic will only arise if the vulnerable population exceeds a threshold value which is determined in terms of one of the parameters of the model. 相似文献
98.
The extrema of the position dependent spontaneous magnetization in a periodically layered two-dimensional Ising model are calculated exactly. Theor asymptotic behaviour for large width of a homogeneous sublayer is given, the magnetization increase far from a free surface discussed. 相似文献
99.
This paper is concerned with large- error estimates concerning convergence in distribution as well as norm convergence for Banach space-valued martingale difference sequences. Indeed, two general limit theorems equipped with rates of convergence for such difference sequences are established. Applications of these lead to the central limit theorem and the weak law of large numbers with rates for Banach space-valued martingales. 相似文献
100.
Hahn S Mergenthaler S Zimmermann B Holzgreve W 《Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,67(2):151-154
The need for nucleic acid based diagnostic tests has increased enormously in the last few years. On the one hand, this has been stimulated by the discovery of new hereditary genetic disease loci following the completion of the Human Genome Project, but also by the presence of new rapidly spreading viral threats, such as that of the SARS epidemic, or even micro-organisms released for the purpose of biological warfare. As in many instances rapid diagnoses of specific target genetic loci is required, new strategies have to be developed, which will allow this to be achieved directly at the point-of-care setting. One of these avenues being explored is that of biosensors. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of the art concerning the high-throughput analysis of nucleic acids, and address future requirements, which will hopefully be met by new biosensor-based developments. 相似文献